Environment and Social Psychology
type: channel
description: Environment and Social Psychology (ESP) is an international open-access academic journal dedicated to publishing highly professional research in all fields related to the relationship between environment and social psychology. All manuscripts are subjected to a rigorous double-blind peer review process, to ensure quality and originality. We are interested in the original research discoveries. This journal also features a wide range of research in ancillary areas relevant to social psychology. ESP publishes original research articles, review articles, editorials, case reports, letters, brief commentaries, perspectives, methods, etc. ESP aims to explore the connections between the environment and human condition, and enhance the environment protection consciousness and behaviors that are crucial to achieve the goals of sustainable development and human development. The research topics of ESP include but are not limited to: Environment psychology Environmental perception Environmental behaviour Environmental design Social psychology Social perception Social Behaviour Interpersonal Relationships Environment and mental health Mental Health Coping mechanisms Emotions and the Environment Sustainability and behavioral science Sustainable Development Behavioural change theory Social norms and environmental behaviour Climate psychology Psychological impacts of climate change Behavioural responses Climate education Interdisciplinary research Environment and social sciences Technology and psychology Arts and Humanities Culture and environment Social Sciences（Health） Developmental and Educational Psychology Learning, attention deficit and the environment Genderisation, child development and the social environment Neurological and physiological psychology Depression and the environment Problem Solving and the Social Environment
publisher: Arts and Science Press Pte. Ltd.
language: en-US
publication name: Environment and Social Psychology
issn: 2424-7979
copyright: The journal adopts the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), which means that anyone can reuse and redistribute the materials for non-commercial purposes as long as you follow the license terms and the original source is properly cited. Author(s) shall retain the copyright of their work and grant the Journal/Publisher rights for the first publication with the work concurrently licensed since 2023 Vol.8 No.2. Under this license, author(s) will allow third parties to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute and/or copy the content under the condition that the authors are given credit. No permission is required from the authors or the publisher. This broad license intends to facilitate free access, as well as the unrestricted use of original works of all types. This ensures that the published work is freely and openly available in perpetuity. By providing open access, the following benefits are brought about: Higher Visibility, Availability and Citations-free and unlimited accessibility of the publication over the internet without any restrictions increases citation of the article. Ease of search-publications are easily searchable in search engines and indexing databases. Rapid Publication – accepted papers are immediately published online. Available for free download immediately after publication at https://esp.as-pub.com/index.php/ESP Copyright Statement 1.The authors certify that the submitted manuscripts are original works, do not infringe the rights of others, are free from academic misconduct and confidentiality issues, and that there are no disputes over the authorship scheme of the collaborative articles. In case of infringement, academic misconduct and confidentiality issues, as well as disputes over the authorship scheme, all responsibilities will be borne by the authors. 2. The author agrees to grant the Editorial Office of Environment and Social Psychology a licence to use the reproduction right, distribution right, information net…
items: Examining the efficacy of podcast creation and dissemination in fostering student communication skill
items: Sustainable Synergistic Collaborative Marketing Ecosystem In Religious Tourism Destinations Of Java
items: Mediating national identity through international broadcasting: A qualitative study of CGTN's cross-cultural
items: Coping with assessment disruption: Business educators’ psychological and ethical responses to generative AI
items: Artistic Characteristics and Cultural Values of Jiangnan Folk Dance: A Systematic Analysis of the Fish Basket Flower Drum Dance
items: Indigenous Land Rights and the Legal Challenges of Ecological Conservation
items: Analysis of The Influence of Soft And Hard QM Practices on Business Sustainability And Competitive Advantage of SMEs: An Organizational Culture Mediation Approach
items: Kinship, Territory, and Spirit: A Socio-Psychological Analysis of Resilience and Community Formation in Laurence Yep's Dragonwings
items: A Hybrid IFRS–GRI Measurement Model for Assessing Public-Sector Sustainability Reporting in Asian Governments
items: Education on sustainable tourism in biosphere reserves: A protection motivation theory approach
items: Negotiating identity across cultures: A cross-national study of youth self-representation in online communication
items: A Social Psychology Perspective on Physical Education for Second-Year Students at Hanoi Capital University, Vietnam
items: Environmental-psychological dissection of disease narratives in The Dream of the Red Chamber: Social stress theory and the reflection of individual psychology
items: Evaluation of environmental support systems and their social psychological effects on weight management for combat sports student-athletes in higher education institutions
items: The Influence of Innovation Culture and Digital Competency on Digital Transformation through Organizational Commitment
items: Purpose, identity, and sustainability: The role of didactic environments in higher education
items: Impact of Different Types of Cognitive Load in Foreign Language Learning
items: Digital Innovation Model for Eco-Friendly Business: SMEs Strategy to Face Market Disruption
items: Social psychological pathways to climate action: Reframing education for SDG 13
items: https://esp.as-pub.com/index.php/esp/article/view/4431
items: Environmental determinants of family resilience in pediatric leukemia: A longitudinal mixed-methods study
items: The literary precursor of the “involution” mentality: Interpreting social comparison and job burnout in fortress besieged and a quagmire of trivialities
items: Impact of a mental health promotion initiative on university students: A non-randomized controlled pre-post study
items: A study on the effects of emotional expression training in music education on enhancing children's psychological motivation
items: Research on the Design Logic and Implementation Pathways of the Triangular Classroom Teaching Model in Chinese Universities under the Digital Intelligent Context
items: Implementing English-medium instruction in psychology education through AI-driven corpus pedagogy: Insights from China's private higher education
items: Building Brand Equity Through Sustainable and Experiential Marketing
items: Environmental Attitudes Outweigh Personality in Predicting Pro-Environmental Behaviour: An Investigation of the Dark and Light Triads
items: Alcohol consumption as a predictor of aggression in young Peruvians: Evidence from an explanatory model
items: Attitudes and behavior on financial literacy and work environment views among philippine national police personnel of sulu provincial police office
items: Instructional leadership and teacher professional learning in Chinese calligraphy education: The moderating role of employment status
items: Gratitude Problems of College Students in Guizhou Province, The People’s Republic of China
items: Sustainable Tourism Village Development in Sidoarjo through the Pentahelix Model and Geospatial Planning
items: Adoption of campus IoT in Shanghai higher education: A mixed-methods UTAUT study with infrastructure and privacy extensions
items: Psychological Reactance as Mediator: How Perceived Threat to Freedom and Perceived Ease of Use Affect Intention to Use Chatbot Services in Chinese E-commerce
items: Intrinsic Motivation of Teacher Education Instructors in Contributing to the Sustainable Development Goal on Quality Education
items: Audience perception of media messages on environmental cleanliness in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
items: Factors influencing vocational education teachers’ digital competencies: A systematic literature review
items: Experiential Learning Anxiety and Inducing motivation of learners in mathematics and science-oriented courses
items: Research on the impact of social norms and psychological distance on participation willingness in reverse logistics: An empirical study of sharing economy platform users
items: From Identity to Integration: Motivational Factors and the Impact of the Call Center Industry on Muslim-Filipinos in the Philippine BPO Sector
items: Mental health of adolescents and the support of psychosocial resources during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
items: The impact mechanism of psychological capital on teaching efficacy among vocational college teachers in industry-education integration context: The mediating role of perceived organizational support
items: The Effect of Positive Discipline Intervention on the Parenting Styles and Emotion Management Abilities of Chinese Parents
items: Enhancing Mandarin Language Learning Through Cultural Integration: An Exploratory Study on Learner Engagement and Competence
items: Construction and empirical study of modified diamond model for creative tourism competitiveness in Chengdu-Chongqing region from social psychology perspective
items: The Age-Well-Being Paradox in the Public Sector: A Generational Analysis of Life Satisfaction Among Government Employees in Abu Dhabi
items: ADDIE Instructional Design Model Empowering International Chinese Language Learning: Mechanisms and Practical Strategies
items: Mechanism of career choice among high school students under the interaction of cultural environment and social cognition: A Social psychological perspective
items: Enhancing innovation and entrepreneurship education in higher education through the P-OIITT blended teaching model: Integrating OBE, constructivist, and group psychology approaches
items: Unraveling the Pathway from Digital Leadership to Employee Creativity: The Strategic Roles of Intrinsic Motivation and Job Engagement
items: Transformational leadership and knowledge sharing: Science mapping of present and future trend
items: Emotional intelligence as a protective factor against teacher burnout: A systematic review without meta-analysis
items: Factors Influencing Employee Creativity in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Analysis, Systematic Literature Review, and Future Research Directions
items: A review of the necessity of AI application in English education in Chinese colleges and universities
items: A conceptual framework of digital transformation in Chinese private universities: Integrating digital leadership, teacher digital competence, and innovative work behavior
items: In-Depth Assessment Practices among Intermediate School Social Studies Teachers and the Implications of Self-Efficacy in Light of Educational Modernization Standards

Examining the efficacy of podcast creation and dissemination in fostering student communication skill
type: item
description: The integration of podcasting into educational settings has gained significant attention as an innovative approach to enhance student communication skills. This article investigates how creating and sharing podcasts contributes to the development of oral proficiency, listening comprehension, self-confidence, and learner autonomy. Drawing on a comprehensive review of empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, the analysis reveals that student-generated podcasts provide authentic, flexible, and collaborative opportunities for language practice. By actively engaging in scripting, recording, editing, and publishing audio content, learners improve fluency, pronunciation, grammatical accuracy, and vocabulary usage. Furthermore, the awareness of a real or virtual audience motivates students to communicate more clearly and effectively, fostering greater confidence and reducing speaking anxiety. The podcasting process also promotes metacognitive skills by encouraging self-assessment and reflection on performance, which enhances learner self-awareness and facilitates targeted improvement. Collaborative podcast projects stimulate interpersonal communication and negotiation of meaning, further enriching communication competencies. The study demonstrates that podcasting activities enhance students' ability to organize and articulate ideas coherently while developing critical thinking and creative expression capabilities. Results indicate that regular podcast production leads to measurable improvements in verbal communication fluency and increases student engagement with course content. Despite challenges such as technical barriers and initial learner apprehension, pedagogical strategies including scaffolding, peer feedback, and accessible technology can optimize outcomes. Beyond language learning, podcasting supports digital literacy and interdisciplinary communication skills, making it a versatile tool in modern education. This research underscores the value of integrating p…
creator: Shamim Akhter
creator: Tribhuwan Kumar
creator: Anne Thingnam
creator: Chaohai Lin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Shamim Akhter*, Tribhuwan Kumar, Anne Thingnam, Chaohai Lin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-21
publication date: 2026-01-21
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4261
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4261

Sustainable Synergistic Collaborative Marketing Ecosystem In Religious Tourism Destinations Of Java
type: item
description: The rapid competition among tourist destinations cannot be separated from the influence of technology and digital platforms to attract tourists. Collaborative marketing synergy has become a strategic issue to increase religious tourist visits. Religious destinations have a distinctive religious or spiritual appeal that requires sustainable management and long-term value creation. Sustainable destination development is essential to ensure that tourism growth aligns with environmental preservation, cultural continuity, and community well-being. Loyalty to a destination, therefore, becomes a critical factor in ensuring the sustainability of religious tourism ecosystems. This study aims to examine the impact of collaborative marketing, which includes information exchange, content exchange, and personalization, on destination loyalty. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, targeting tourists in Java. A purposive sampling technique was applied, resulting in a final sample of 256 respondents. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS. The findings reveal that the three dimensions of collaborative marketing have a significant effect on both tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty. Specifically, personalization has the strongest effect on destination loyalty, followed by content exchange and information exchange. These findings enrich the existing literature on tourism marketing by highlighting the role of personalization in shaping tourist experiences and loyalty. From a managerial perspective, tourism practitioners should enhance personalized marketing strategies, improve the quality and accessibility of shared content, and encourage better information exchange to strengthen tourist loyalty.
creator: Wiwi Hartati
creator: Badawi Badawi
creator: Arif Nurudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Wiwi Hartati, Badawi Badawi and Arif Nurudin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-14
publication date: 2026-01-14
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4321
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4321

Mediating national identity through international broadcasting: A qualitative study of CGTN's cross-cultural
type: item
description: A key element of China's larger initiatives to strengthen soft power and influence how the world views its national identity is its worldwide media strategy. Amidst growing geopolitical rivalry and general scepticism over China's ascent, global television networks such as CGTN are essential in developing and distributing stories for viewers from many cultural backgrounds. The research that is currently available provides little insight into the real discursive mechanisms that are used to develop and transmit national identity since it frequently depends on quantitative audience surveys or generic media critique. Further interpretative research is still required to identify the precise language, images, and representational techniques used in these global broadcasts. By using a qualitative, interpretative methodology centered on desk-based textual analysis of publicly accessible CGTN English-language content, including as news items, documentaries, and promotional materials, this study fills that gap. The analytical frameworks of Soft Power Theory, Representation Theory, and Critical Discourse Analysis are employed to examine how CGTN constructs and communicates aspects of China’s national identity to international audiences. The study explores narrative framing that emphasizes cooperation, modernization, and peaceful development; language choices and translation practices that support cross-cultural accessibility; visual imagery and symbolism that highlight cultural heritage and technological progress; and relational positioning through which China situates itself within broader global discourses. According to the findings, CGTN uses a complex, multi-layered communication approach that gently reframes Western-dominated narratives while legitimizing China's growing influence in international affairs. These tactics engage with prevailing global narratives in a measured manner, foregrounding China’s image as a responsible and cooperative actor in international affairs.…
creator: Tian Shasha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tian Shasha http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-29
publication date: 2026-01-29
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4494
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4494

Coping with assessment disruption: Business educators’ psychological and ethical responses to generative AI
type: item
description: As generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) transforms higher education, faculty face new psychological and ethical tensions in assessment. This qualitative study examines how business educators in Thailand perceive and respond to the disruption that GenAI has introduced into academic evaluations. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with ten university instructors, the study identifies four major themes: reliance on traditional methods to protect academic integrity, concern over the erosion of students’ critical thinking, frustration with pedagogical inconsistency, and exploratory attempts at meaningful AI integration. These findings reveal that educators’ responses are shaped not only by technological change but also by emotional strain, identity conflict, and ethically charged decisions around academic integrity, fairness, and responsible AI use within their institutions. The study contributes to social-psychological understandings of how faculty cope with educational transformation, highlighting the need for holistic institutional frameworks that address emotional readiness, ethical guidance, and pedagogical innovation in the age of AI.
creator: Shen Qinjie
creator: Wynn Arunrugstichai
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Shen Qinjie1,*, Wynn Arunrugstichai http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-13
publication date: 2026-01-13
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4348
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4348

Artistic Characteristics and Cultural Values of Jiangnan Folk Dance: A Systematic Analysis of the Fish Basket Flower Drum Dance
type: item
description: Jiangnan folk dance constitutes a vital component of traditional Chinese culture, embodying the aesthetic, cultural and socio-psychological functions of water-village communities. Represented by dances such as the Fish Basket Flower Drum Dance, these performances not only showcase artistic styles but also forge community identity through symbolic interactions. This study employs a systematic literature review combined with case analysis, utilising social identity theory and cultural schema frameworks to explore the core characteristics of Jiangnan folk dance and how it conveys artistic styles, cultural connotations and social functions. Analysis encompasses historical origins, regional ecology, movement design, musical systems, costume styles, and prop utilisation. Findings reveal that through movement, music, costume, props, and ritualised interaction, these dances integrate regional culture, social ethics, and folk beliefs into performance. Simultaneously, participatory rituals reinforce collective memory and intergenerational cultural transmission.The S-shaped movements in the Fish Basket Flower Drum Dance embody aesthetic expression while enhancing group cohesion and social identity through positive differentiation. The study indicates that the psychological significance of Jiangnan folk dance extends beyond artistic expression, serving as a vital mechanism for modern communities to maintain mental wellbeing, social cohesion, and cultural continuity. This research offers valuable insights for dance studies, intangible cultural heritage preservation, and community cultural development.
creator: Kai Zheng
creator: Mumtaz Begum Aboo Backer
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kai Zheng, Mumtaz Begum Aboo Backer http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-22
publication date: 2026-01-22
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4376
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4376

Indigenous Land Rights and the Legal Challenges of Ecological Conservation
type: item
description: The rights of Indigenous peoples and conservation policies have historically been at odds, with many existing policies falling short of recognizing the need for environmental conservation along with the sovereignty of Indigenous nations and traditional cultural uses of the land. This analysis explores the implications of existing legal systems and ecological initiatives on Indigenous self-determination and biodiversity, highlighting potential legal and policy gaps, and potential best practices that pair Indigenous traditional laws with governance to optimize biodiversity outcomes and uphold Indigenous self-determination. A mixed-methods approach is adopted to include comparative legal analysis, qualitative content analysis of legal processes and outcomes as well as case studies in pertinent territories. The analysis is further backed by quantitative modelling of conservation metrics, such as deforestation rates, biodiversity indicators, and governance stability. The results show that secure tenure and Indigenous-led governance are significantly related to more effective conservation outcomes, manifesting as lower rates of deforestation and increased biodiversity. Yet, challenges in enforcement, limited financial resources and policies without integration points constitute clear barriers. While co-management models are very promising, they will need continuous financial and legislative resources to be successful in the long run. This process will ultimately be essential to achieving equitable and effective conservation outcomes. Bridging persistent gaps in enforcement, funding and jurisdictional clarity will be essential. Subsequent research should examine successful legal approaches taken by Indigenous peoples as well as novel governance structures that meld ecological sustainability with the sovereignty of Indigenous peoples.
creator: Naseer Sabbar Lafta
creator: Saud Suwaid Armoosh
creator: Ali Mousa Hussein Mezian
creator: Nazar F. Hassan
creator: Talib Kalefa Hasan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Naseer Sabbar Lafta, Saud Suwaid Armoosh, Ali Mousa Hussein Mezian, Nazar F. Hassan, Talib Kalefa Hasan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 3996
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.3996

Analysis of The Influence of Soft And Hard QM Practices on Business Sustainability And Competitive Advantage of SMEs: An Organizational Culture Mediation Approach
type: item
description: This study investigates how Soft and Hard Quality Management (QM) practices influence business sustainability and competitive advantage among creative manufacturing SMEs, with organizational culture as a mediating variable. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through structured questionnaires from 210 SMEs engaged in creative manufacturing linked to tourism in Yogyakarta and Central Java. Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) was applied to analyze the relationships between constructs. The results reveal that both Soft and Hard QM significantly enhance business sustainability, with Soft QM having a stronger impact. Organizational culture also mediates the relationship between QM practices and business sustainability. Furthermore, sustainable business performance positively affects competitive advantage. The model confirms that an integrated approach to QM, which combines technical systems and behavioral values, produces better strategic outcomes. The findings encourage SMEs to balance technical improvements with internal cultural development. Government and support institutions should design interventions that address both system implementation and value-based capacity building.
creator: Yuni Siswanti
creator: Yoga Religia
creator: Muafi - Muafi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yuni Siswanti1, Yoga Religia2 and Muafi Muafi3,* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-13
publication date: 2026-01-13
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4405
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4405

Kinship, Territory, and Spirit: A Socio-Psychological Analysis of Resilience and Community Formation in Laurence Yep's Dragonwings
type: item
description: Findings from this study highlight the importance of immigrants' social networks as a psychological tool in the struggle against systematic marginalization. The plot revolves around Laurence Yep, the study will investigate the ways in which spiritual devotion, territorial enclaves, and familial ties helped early Chinese immigrants to the United States maintain their cultural identity, culture, and sense of community. This study draws on a variety of academic frameworks, including Social Identity Theory, Community Psychology, Berry's acculturation theory, and Ferdinand Tönnies' concept of community, to look into the social and psychological factors that allowed immigrants to endure and transition. Researchers found that those who have strong kinship ties and a strong sense of in-group solidarity are better able to cope with the psychological stresses of acculturation. Cultural customs could be preserved while assimilation into the host community is fostered in Chinatowns and other territorial groupings, providing a cognitive-emotional home for individuals. Take the rising spiritual communities as an example of how poverty may inspire cross-cultural solidarity and charity via shared goals and interethnic collaboration. The common perception holds that the 1906 San Francisco earthquake shows how prejudice can be turned into opportunities for people from different backgrounds to work together and build stronger communities through the face of hardship. Using methods from sociology and psychology, this interdisciplinary study posits that immigrant communities arose as a structural reaction to exclusion and a dynamic process of psychosocial maintenance. These examples demonstrate how grassroots groups can strengthen diverse cultures by promoting and preserving their distinctive customs.
creator: Meichan Zhang
creator: Chuanjia Wu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Meichan Zhang*, Chuanjia Wu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-14
publication date: 2026-01-14
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4155
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4155

A Hybrid IFRS–GRI Measurement Model for Assessing Public-Sector Sustainability Reporting in Asian Governments
type: item
description: This study develops a hybrid measurement framework to assess the consistency and depth of sustainability reports published by governments in four Asian countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong. Although global reporting standards are increasingly developing, reporting practices in the region remain diverse, the indicators used are not yet uniform, and no evaluation tools are available that can reliably produce cross-country comparisons. To bridge this gap, this study integrates IFRS S1 and S2 with GRI Standards to develop the Public Sector Sustainability Disclosure Index (PSSDI). Using a phased qualitative design, this study developed an index comprising four pillars and 32 sub-indicators. The findings show significant differences in maturity levels, institutional capacity, and the quality of information disclosed. Singapore and Hong Kong are at the most advanced level, Malaysia is at an intermediate stage, while Indonesia is still in the early phase. These results provide an empirical basis for promoting harmonization of reporting at the regional level and identifying institutional and technical barriers that hinder cross-country comparability. The study offers an analytical model for governments to strengthen national reporting systems, improve transparency, and support more targeted policy decisions on climate issues.
creator: Dian Anita Nuswantara
creator: Lintang Venusita
creator: Ika Permatasari
creator: Hariyati
creator: Rida Perwita Sari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dian Anita Nuswantara*, Lintang Venusita, Ika Permatasari, Hariyati, Rida Perwita Sari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4423
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4423

Education on sustainable tourism in biosphere reserves: A protection motivation theory approach
type: item
description: Community participation in sustainable tourism is crucial for biosphere reserves, but various factors can hinder it. Education can bridge this gap, yet research into sustainable tourism education in biosphere reserves is limited. Based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), the research objectives of this research are (i) to design a non-formal sustainable tourism intervention, and (ii) to determine community members’ perceptions of sustainable tourism after the intervention in the Marico Biosphere Reserve. Using a qualitative methodology with three focus groups and thematic analysis, the findings support a theory-based education intervention, as participants demonstrated awareness across the PMT dimensions and positive intentions towards sustainable tourism in the area. The learning outcomes covered the motivational phase, but a further recommendation is to incorporate a volition phase. By applying the PMT, the study provides (i) a theoretical foundation to understand the psychological mechanisms that influence community engagement in sustainable tourism; and (ii) demonstrates innovation and practical relevance in the design of education on sustainable tourism in biosphere reserves.
creator: Elricke Botha
creator: Dorothy Queiros
creator: Nicolene Conradie
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Elricke Botha*, Dorothy Queiros, Nicolene Conradie http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-20
publication date: 2026-01-20
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4242
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4242

Negotiating identity across cultures: A cross-national study of youth self-representation in online communication
type: item
description: The role of social media in developing youth identity, self-representation, and cross-cultural interactions is highly significant, especially for users of diverse backgrounds. The goal of this research project was to investigate the influence of cultural context – specifically China, the USA, and the UK – on active social media users aged 15-24 in relation to self-representation practices, self-exposure behaviors, privacy management, and identity negotiation strategies. The participants were recruited through a stratified purposive sampling frame and required to have updated or posted on their social media profile in the previous three months. The study collected a total of 450 valid responses using online surveys (Google Forms for the USA and the UK, and Wenjuanxing for China). The data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). Participants had a balanced demographic distribution across age groups, gender, and countries. The findings reported moderate agreement (across behavioral measures) and weak correlations across variables, indicating that each dimension operates relatively independently of the others. Differences in preferences for platforms, with Facebook preferred most (22.2%) and TikTok/Douyin second (20.2%); WeChat was the lowest (17.8%). Daily usage indicated 26.9% spend less than 1 hour and 23.1% spend more than 4 hours each day online. The findings begin to expose differences in practice in relation to cultural differences in online identity practices. The findings also affirm that valuing culturally responsive processes is meaningful.
creator: Lu Xing
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lu Xing http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-19
publication date: 2026-01-19
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4450
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4450

A Social Psychology Perspective on Physical Education for Second-Year Students at Hanoi Capital University, Vietnam
type: item
description: This study analyzes the current status of Physical Education for second-year students at Hanoi Capital University through a social psychology lens. Four key areas were evaluated: (i) Physical Education program content, (ii) physical training facilities, (iii) use of exercises for general physical fitness development, and (iv) current physical fitness levels. The research employed a mixed-methods approach with 40 second-year male Physical Education majors. Results indicate that while the program meets basic requirements, it lacks components addressing psychological needs like autonomy, competence, and relatedness from Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Facilities are insufficient, and exercise usage fails to account for motivational differences and group dynamics. Physical fitness levels are average but limited in endurance and speed, correlating with low self-efficacy and social support. The study proposes integrating Social Identity Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and Social Cognitive Theory to enhance student engagement, motivation, and long-term physical activity habits.
creator: Luu Thi Nhu Quynh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Luu Thi Nhu Quynh http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-05
publication date: 2026-01-05
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4311
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4311

Environmental-psychological dissection of disease narratives in The Dream of the Red Chamber: Social stress theory and the reflection of individual psychology
type: item
description: Research examining this work shows limited analysis using data for illness accounts. The study develops a model that shows relationships between social factors and individual responses. This model uses theory examining factors in society and approaches that consider individual patterns. The study examines six main figures in the work. Analysis using SPSS assesses measures that include likelihood of illness and levels of stress showing peaks. Results indicate that particular factors in society relate to particular forms of illness. This relationship shows correspondence rates that exceed eighty-six percent. Findings reveal that support from others provides significant effects for individuals showing particular response patterns. These individuals demonstrate patterns of holding responses within. Data show that stress occurs before illness becomes more severe. This relationship between factors shows correlation measures of point seven nine and higher. Analysis indicates that severity follows a pattern showing initial stability. This pattern then reveals sharp increases in severity. Following these increases, the pattern shows gradual decreases over time. The findings suggest that conditions in society operating within structures of authority transform into individual illness. This process occurs through social and individual factors that operate between society and the individual. The approach provides a model using data for examining works from the past. This model allows analysis that combines different approaches to interpretation.
creator: TEOH HOOI SEE
creator: YUSHAN XIE
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 TEOH HOOI SEE, YUSHAN XIE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4475
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4475

Evaluation of environmental support systems and their social psychological effects on weight management for combat sports student-athletes in higher education institutions
type: item
description: Combat sports are defined by strict weight classification systems, rendering weight management a pivotal factor influencing athletes’ competitive performance and long-term health outcomes. College student-athletes in combat sports confront unique predicaments stemming from their dual roles as students and athletes, navigating the competing demands of academic workloads, intensive athletic training, and ongoing physical development. While environmental support systems and socio-psychological factors are widely acknowledged as key determinants of health-related behaviors, their integrated impacts on weight management within this specific population remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the current state of environmental support systems for weight management among college combat sports student-athletes and unpack the socio-psychological mechanisms through which these systems shape weight management behaviors and effectiveness. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining quantitative questionnaires and qualitative in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were collected from 278 college combat sports student-athletes across 10 higher education institutions and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS for descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. Qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 18 student-athletes and 6 coaches, processed via thematic analysis with Nvivo. The findings identified three core dimensions of environmental support systems (interpersonal, resource, and institutional support), with an overall moderate level of support (M=3.21, SD=0.58); interpersonal support was the strongest dimension (M=3.54, SD=0.62), while resource support was the weakest (M=2.87, SD=0.71), particularly in terms of access to specialized nutrition counseling and weight management-specific facilities. Correlation analysis confirmed positive relationships between environmental support systems, socio-psychological fa…
creator: Yulin Li
creator: Syed Kamaruzaman Syed Ali
creator: Ahmad Zabidi Abdul Razak
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yulin Li, Syed Kamaruzaman Syed Ali, Ahmad Zabidi Abdul Razak* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4345
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4345

The Influence of Innovation Culture and Digital Competency on Digital Transformation through Organizational Commitment
type: item
description: Digital transformation has become a strategic priority in the education sector, yet its implementation in schools often faces internal challenges related to human resource readiness and organizational dynamics. This study aims to examine the influence of innovation culture and digital competency on digital transformation, with organizational commitment positioned as a mediating variable. The study adopts a quantitative approach using a survey method and was conducted at six Center of Excellence Vocational High Schools (SMK PK) in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were collected from teachers and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS software. The results indicate that innovation culture, digital competency, and organizational commitment explain 66.8% of the variance in digital transformation, while digital competency and innovation culture explain 48.3% of the variance in organizational commitment. Path analysis results reveal that digital competency and innovation culture have positive and significant effects on digital transformation. Both variables also significantly influence organizational commitment. Furthermore, organizational commitment has a strong positive effect on digital transformation and is proven to partially mediate the relationships between digital competency and digital transformation, as well as between innovation culture and digital transformation. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening teachers’ digital competency, fostering an innovation-supportive school culture, and enhancing organizational commitment to ensure the successful and sustainable implementation of digital transformation in vocational schools. Keywords: digital competency, digital transformation, innovation culture, organizational commitment
creator: Zaenudin Zaenudin
creator: Muafi Muafi
creator: Sri Handari Wahyuningsih
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zaenudin Zaenudin*, Muafi Muafi and Sri Handari Wahyuningsih http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4544
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4544

Purpose, identity, and sustainability: The role of didactic environments in higher education
type: item
description: This study examines the relationship between religiosity/spirituality and political orientation in university students and transpersonal learning and sustainable behavior; it also investigates how contextual experiences such as service-learning, sustainability courses, volunteering, organizational membership, and access to nature condition this relationship. Data from a cross-sectional online survey (N=534) conducted in Lithuania in November 2025 were used to create purpose (items 25–30; α=0.82) and behavior (items 49–61; α=0.91) indices were created; gender and income were controlled; z-transformed results were modeled in multiple regressions with HC3 robust errors. Religiosity alone did not produce a consistent main effect; however, the religiosity × service-learning interaction increased sustainable behavior. Access to nature expanded the pathway to behavior among liberal and conservative students; in contrast, the Green-Eco × service-learning and Liberal × volunteering interactions were negative. Non-binary participants reported higher purpose and behavior, while the income effect was largely insignificant. Findings suggest that identity effects translate into action through context, and that designing reflective service-learning and campus nature access together in higher education can strengthen sustainable practices (limitations: unlikely sample, cross-sectional design, multiple tests).
creator: Mehmet Recai Uygur
creator: Gabija Skučaitė
creator: Samson Abiodun Toye
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mehmet Recai Uygur *, Gabija Skučaitė, Samson Abiodun Toye http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-19
publication date: 2026-01-19
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4359
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4359

Impact of Different Types of Cognitive Load in Foreign Language Learning
type: item
description: Cognitive load plays a critical role in foreign language learning, impacting the effect of learners' language acquisition. Various aspects of learners and instruction can influence different types of cognitive load. However, existing research on cognitive load in foreign language learning lacks a comprehensive review that categorizes and examines these different types of cognitive load. This literature review examined the factors contributing to intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load and the impacts of these three types of cognitive load in foreign language learning. Research revealed that the elements, such as the complexity of language materials, instructional design flaws, and motivational factors, significantly impacted cognitive load in foreign language learning contexts. A thorough understanding of these types of cognitive load and their impacts may inform effective instructional design, reduce unnecessary cognitive strain, and enhance foreign language acquisition. This review concluded by identifying gaps in current research and proposing suggestions to optimize cognitive load for further studies in foreign language education.
creator: Zheng Haiyao
creator: Noor Dayana Abd Halim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zheng Haiyao, Noor Dayana Abd Halim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 3538
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.3538

Digital Innovation Model for Eco-Friendly Business: SMEs Strategy to Face Market Disruption
type: item
description: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) face increasing pressure to remain competitive amid digital transformation and growing environmental concerns. Digital green innovation has become a strategic pathway for SMEs to achieve both sustainability and resilience in disruptive markets. This study investigates how government support and green absorptive capacity (GAC) influence digital green innovation performance (DGI) in SMEs. It further examines the mediating role of efficient and integrated business model innovation in strengthening this relationship. The study focuses on SMEs in the culinary and fashion sectors in Bandung and Cirebon, Indonesia, given their significant contributions to the regional economy and their ongoing challenges in digital and green transformation. A quantitative, exploratory design was employed. Data were collected through structured surveys and interviews with 200 SME owners and managers. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with a Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. Both government support and GAC significantly enhance DGI performance. GAC demonstrates a stronger direct effect compared to government support. In addition, efficient and integrated business model innovations partially mediate these relationships. It highlights that external and internal resources must be translated into concrete business practices to generate substantial impact. The combination of government support, green absorptive capacity, and business model innovation provides an effective strategy for SMEs to sustain competitiveness in dynamic markets.
creator: Sari Laelatul Qodriah
creator: Ali Jufri
creator: Ahmad Johan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sari Laelatul Qodriah*, Ali Jufri and Ahmad Johan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-13
publication date: 2026-01-13
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4402
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4402

Social psychological pathways to climate action: Reframing education for SDG 13
type: item
description: Climate change poses an existential challenge whose resolution depends not only on technological ingenuity but also on the transformation of human psychology. Despite decades of awareness and policy commitments, behavioral inertia continues to undermine global mitigation efforts. This paper proposes an integrative theoretical framework that explains how education can mobilize climate action by leveraging core constructs from social psychology. Drawing on recent empirical work (2019–2025), it argues that climate behavior is governed by the interplay of five processes: social identity formation, normative influence, collective efficacy, temporal discounting, and risk perception. These processes constitute the Integrative Socio-Psychological Model of Climate Engagement (ISPMCE), a conceptual structure that illuminates how education can shift cognition, motivation, and group dynamics toward sustainability. The model demonstrates that effective climate education must go beyond information delivery to cultivate shared identity, normative alignment, and perceived agency. It also highlights the necessity of reducing psychological distance to counteract temporal discounting and amplify risk salience. The paper concludes that embedding this framework within curricula and communication strategies can accelerate behavioral transitions essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13).
creator: Syeda Rabia Tahir
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Syeda Rabia Tahir* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-12
publication date: 2026-01-12
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4230
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4230

https://esp.as-pub.com/index.php/esp/article/view/4431
type: item
title: The relationship between learning motivation and policy support perception among government-funded normal university students in ethnic minority institutions based on group dynamics and its application in educational management
description: This study examines the relationship between learning motivation and policy support perception among government-funded normal university students in ethnic minority institutions. The research is grounded in group dynamics theory. We adopted an embedded mixed-method design. The participants included 1,087 students from four ethnic minority universities in western China. Data collection involved questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and multilevel statistical analysis. The findings reveal several patterns. First, group norms, group identity, and group cohesion exerted significant influence on learning motivation. They accounted for 18.5%, 23.2%, and 21.4% of motivation variance respectively. Second, policy support perception showed a significant positive correlation with learning motivation (r=0.52, p<0.001). Different policy dimensions had differentiated effects on different motivation types. Third, teacher professional identity played a partial mediating role in this relationship. The mediating effect represented 34.6% of the total effect. Fourth, group cohesion significantly moderated the impact of policy perception on learning motivation (γ=0.15, p<0.01). The policy effect in high-cohesion classes was 1.94 times that in low-cohesion classes. Fifth, the integrated structural equation model explained 58.7% of the variance in learning motivation. The study unveils the psychological transformation mechanism of "policy support → professional identity → learning motivation". It also demonstrates the contextual moderating role of group dynamics elements. These findings provide theoretical foundation and practical guidance for educational management in ethnic minority institutions and the cultivation of government-funded normal university students.
creator: Wang Wei
creator: Aida Hanim A. Hamid
creator: Bity Salwana Alias
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Wang Wei*, Aida Hanim A. Hamid, Bity Salwana Alias http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4431
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4431

Environmental determinants of family resilience in pediatric leukemia: A longitudinal mixed-methods study
type: item
description: This study explores from the perspective of the social ecosystem how multi-level environmental factors shape the psychosocial adaptation process of families with children diagnosed with leukemia in China. Employing a longitudinal mixed-methods design, the study utilized tracking data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2014 to 2020, including 187 observation points from 58 families. The analysis integrated narrative analysis, thematic analysis, and growth curve modeling to examine family adaptation trajectories and their environmental determinants. The results identified three environment-driven adaptation trajectories: rapid recovery type (28.1%), gradual adaptation type (51.7%), and persistent predicament type (20.2%). Medical insurance type emerged as the strongest environmental predictor, explaining 31.5% of the variance in depression trajectories (β=-3.45, p<0.001), with families covered by employee medical insurance demonstrating psychological recovery speeds 2.3 times faster than those under the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme. Environmental factors collectively explained 67% of the variance in family adaptation outcomes, revealing the systematic effects of medical environment, policy environment, community environment, and cultural environment. The research integrates Bronfenbrenner's ecosystem theory with Walsh's family resilience model to construct an integrated framework of "Family Resilience in the Environment." The findings indicate that unequal distribution of environmental resources is the fundamental cause of family adaptation differentiation. Multi-level environmental interventions are urgently needed to promote psychosocial adaptation and health equity for families affected by childhood leukemia, including increasing medical insurance reimbursement rates, optimizing the medical environment, building community support networks, and promoting cultural de-stigmatization.
creator: Xiao Liu
creator: Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Xiao Liu, Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4268
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4268

The literary precursor of the “involution” mentality: Interpreting social comparison and job burnout in fortress besieged and a quagmire of trivialities
type: item
description: In this way, as a new concept describing modern competitive survival predicaments, although “involution” (neijuan) seems to be a novel term, its psychological mechanism and social origins have already been foreshadowed in classic Chinese modern literature. From the perspective of environmental psychology, social psychology, and organizational psychology theories, respectively, based on the method of qualitative analysis, this paper takes Fortress Besieged (Qian Zhongshu, 1947) and A Mess of Chicken Feathers (Liu Zhenyun, 1991) as examples, exploring how these two literary classics portray the “involution” mindset, especially focusing on its manifestation in social comparison mechanisms and symptoms of work burnout. The results show that by depicting characters from different times and classes, respectively, the two novels vividly reveal the key elements involved in the involution process: under conditions of scarce resources, the trigger frequency of social comparisons exceeds 70%; feelings of relative deprivation spread like wildfire, while self-efficacy declines; the three dimensions of work burnout—emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and sense of reduced personal accomplishment—are described in great detail in both novels, presenting us with an image of how involution as a kind of competition gradually drains our mental energy; due to the influence of competition situations, through institutionalization and internalization, the external norm becomes an internal regulation in people’s minds. During the process from the initial stage to the final stage, the proportion of internalized regulations increases from 30% to 70%. Finally, when resources are limited, zero-sum mentality emerges and cooperation tendency decreases from 78.6% to 21.4%, forming a vicious cycle between group-level dilemmas and individual powerlessness. To sum up, we find that literary texts contain abundant information about involution, which not only provides empirical data but also adds hi…
creator: Lin Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lin Chen* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4469
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4469

Impact of a mental health promotion initiative on university students: A non-randomized controlled pre-post study
type: item
description: The systematic evaluation of mental health promotion initiatives for university students in Bangladesh, a population vulnerable to psychological challenges, remains limited. This study examined the effectiveness of a student-focused program addressing mental health literacy, stigma, and help-seeking behaviors. Using a non-randomized, controlled pre-post design, 103 students (Mage = 18.40 ± 0.62 years) were allocated to experimental (n = 44) and control (n = 59) groups following open participation. Validated Bangla-translated scales measured outcomes at baseline, post-program, and follow-up. The experimental group received a brief, co-designed intervention involving students and professionals. Findings revealed significant post-program gains in literacy, help-seeking intentions, and attitudes, with reductions in stigma that persisted through the three-month follow-up. While positive attitudes toward help-seeking declined over time, experimental participants showed greater improvements across all outcomes compared to controls at follow-up. These results highlight the value of structured promotion initiatives and the need for strategies to sustain long-term benefits.
creator: Sanjida Khan
creator: Sayema Rahman Rathi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sanjida Khan*, Sayema Rahman Rathi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-21
publication date: 2026-01-21
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4323
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4323

A study on the effects of emotional expression training in music education on enhancing children's psychological motivation
type: item
description: The present article investigated the effects of emotional expressive training on music education on the psychological motivation among children based on quasi-experimental data provided by Guri music education project in Brazil. The results found that this training was significant in reducing the emotional symptoms in children and that the effect was more pronounced in children in families with low maternal educational level. The training also assisted children in acquiring a better understanding of musical selections and relate to the music emotionally, especially sad music. The study also indicates using the Self-Determination Theory that emotional promotion was a key element in internalizing the learning motivation, whereby, high-quality autonomous motivation was realized by satisfying the children with the need to belong and to be competent. This study presents a theoretical model, which correlates emotional enhancement to motivation internalization and recommends to employ systematic practice of emotional expression, in an autonomous-supportive instructional framework. The results present useful insights that would help in bettering the psychological and social development of children and give empirical evidence on why music education should be used as a means of promoting educational equity
creator: Jianyun Wei
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jiangang Wang* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4514
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4514

Research on the Design Logic and Implementation Pathways of the Triangular Classroom Teaching Model in Chinese Universities under the Digital Intelligent Context
type: item
description: The digitalization of teaching model is a key pathway to enhance university students’ learning quality and efficiency. However, current problems exist in Chinese universities including insufficient application of digital technologies, a predominant one-way knowledge transmission model, and inadequate teacher-student interaction. Based on the PAD Class Model and integrated with Bandura’s Reciprocal Determinism, this study incorporates generative AI/AI agent into teaching process to construct a “Triangular Classroom Teaching Model”. This model establishes three stages during the teaching process: “self-preparation (human-machine interaction), teacher-student interaction, and peer discussion (student-student interaction)” to address the limitations of the PAD (Presentation-Assimilation-Discussion) Class Model, such as the lack of preparation and real-time feedback, through the interplay of environment (digital technology), individuals (students), and behavior (learning). During the self-preparation stage, generative AI/AI agent facilitate student-led inquiry. In the teacher-student interaction stage, they enable data-driven analytics and tailored instruction. Finally, during peer discussions stage, they serve as cognitive tools to expand students’ cognitive horizons. The “Triangular Classroom Teaching Model” implements the “student-centered” philosophy through multi-dimensional collaboration, improving teaching quality and learning efficiency, and providing an operable innovative paradigm for the digitalization of teaching model in Chinese universities.
creator: Weiguaju Nong
creator: Yan Wang
creator: Jian-Hong Ye
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Weiguaju Nong, Yan Wang, Jian-Hong Ye http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4356
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4356

Implementing English-medium instruction in psychology education through AI-driven corpus pedagogy: Insights from China's private higher education
type: item
description: In this paper, corpus pedagogy empowered by Artificial Intelligence is explored as a new kind of tech intervention to address the complex challenges in implementing EMI in psychology programs of private higher education institutions in China. This study adopts a comprehensive 1,050,000-word corpus that includes public-domain acadEMIc resources such as BALE, MICUSP, and MIT OCW data on Clinical, Social, and Cognitive Psychology areas. The corpus is utilized to develop an AI-integrated system by GPT-4 API with advanced NLP algorithms to conduct automatic linguistic and psychological analysis. Comparing evaluations shows that there has been an increase of 13.2 times in the level of processing efficiency, cutting down the analysis time from 250 minutes to 18 minutes for 100,000 words at a time and increasing the degree of coverage in features by 27.2 percentage points as compared with the work done by humans. precision rates for syntactic feature extraction hit 72.2% psychological terminologies identification is at 87.9% but autonomy in depths of analyses comes in at 75.8% compared to human 82.0% and consistency levels are 81.0% relative to the human 87.3%. In terms of the implementation scrutiny, the data management is identified to be an important technological barrier with 87.0 as its severity. The API-related cost accounts for 121.7 when talking about financial ease and the needs are somewhat beyond those of minimal institutional ones at 103.7 as well. These could possibly be turning points for individually-tailored EMI methods to cut down the mental load and make them feel more engaged among the non-native Anglophone students. And point of value is it requires both person and A.I model together when it comes to interpreting psychology conversation.
creator: Jiatong Li
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jiatong Li* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4380
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4380

Building Brand Equity Through Sustainable and Experiential Marketing
type: item
description: The article addresses the linkage between sustainable branding and experiential marketing and how they can be utilized to influence brand equity in consumers today. Even though the previous studies have isolated the strategies separately, there has been minimal empirical evidence to indicate the integration of the strategies and how they will impact on the loyalty, advocacy and the brand trust. The research design will be mixed research design; that is, the researcher will utilize both survey research data (1,200 consumers) and 25 in-depth interviews to determine the independent and interactive impact. Hierarchy regression and interaction models reveal that the effects of sustainability practices and experiential marketing on the brand equity are positive; more so, a combination of the two has a significant impact as compared to each of the two. The final customer loyalty, Net Promoter Scores, and trust was achieved through sustainable brands as a part of the immersive consumer experiences. The further expectations of qualitative sentiment analysis are that experiential interfaces can render sustainability initiatives more legitimate and emotionally connected, and the level of skepticism is not so high concerning greenwashing. The study will be an addition to the theory of brand equity as well as the existing sustainability and experiential marketing theories because it empirically models the connection between sustainable branding and experiential engagement. The findings make a recommendation to managers who would wish to establish long term brand equity in the responsible and touchable market through integrating sustainability commitments in the meaningful customer experience.
creator: Omar Hasan Ahmed
creator: Nadia Tareq Ahmed
creator: Samer Adel Abd Hussein
creator: Sabah Abdul Wahhab Abdul Razaaq Al-Nuiami
creator: Faris Abdul Kareem Khazal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Omar Hasan Ahmed, Nadia Tareq Ahmed, Samer Adel Abd Hussein, Sabah Abdul Wahhab Abdul Razaaq Al-Nuiami, Faris Abdul Kareem Khazal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-29
publication date: 2026-01-29
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4001
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4001

Environmental Attitudes Outweigh Personality in Predicting Pro-Environmental Behaviour: An Investigation of the Dark and Light Triads
type: item
description: Identifying predictors of pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) is critical for designing effective interventions to reduce environmentally harmful activities. This study examined whether personality traits, specifically the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy) and Light Triad (Kantianism, humanism, faith in humanity), and environmental attitudes, predicted PEB. Australian participants (N = 383) completed an online survey assessing these personality traits, environmental attitudes, and two measures of PEB: dietary behaviour (meat consumption) and willingness to donate to an environmental charity. Analyses using hierarchical regressions and MANOVAs indicated that only narcissism and psychopathy modestly reduced donation likelihood and Kantianism modestly increased it; however, there was limited evidence of mediation by environmental attitudes between personality traits and PEB. In contrast, stronger environmental activism and lower human dominance attitudes robustly predicted both lower meat consumption and greater donation likelihood. These findings suggest that although personality shapes environmental attitudes, the attitudes themselves play a more direct role in driving PEB. Overall, the results support attitude-behaviour models and highlight attitudinal change as a pathway for designing effective sustainability interventions.
creator: Chloe Rutjens
creator: Brianne Hastie
creator: Andrea R. Steele
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Chloe Rutjens, Brianne Hastie, Andrea R. Steele http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-19
publication date: 2026-01-19
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4177
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4177

Alcohol consumption as a predictor of aggression in young Peruvians: Evidence from an explanatory model
type: item
description: Youth aggressiveness is a growing psychosocial problem in Latin American contexts, and alcohol consumption is a predictor factor associated with the increase in aggressive behaviors. It was proposed to explain to what extent alcohol consumption acts as a predictor of aggressiveness in young Peruvians, incorporating the analysis of sociodemographic variables to identify significant differences between the groups evaluated. 600 young people selected through non-probabilistic sampling participated; the AUDIT instruments were applied to measure alcohol consumption and the BPAQ to assess aggressiveness and its dimensions. The study employed quantitative, explanatory design, using descriptive analyses, nonparametric tests, and linear regression. The results showed that alcohol consumption significantly predicts levels of aggression (R= .504; R2 = .254; p< .001). Significant differences were found according to sex, occupation and cohabitation; Men, young people who work and those who live with a partner or family members have higher levels of both aggression and alcohol consumption. Likewise, the dimensions of physical and verbal aggressiveness showed greater variability, while anger and hostility were more homogeneous. It is concluded that alcohol consumption is a relevant predictor of youth aggressiveness, and that sociodemographic factors play an important role in the expression of these behaviors.
creator: Ivonne Pamela Mamani Ticona
creator: Reyna Isabel Quispe Zegarra
creator: José Calizaya-López
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ivonne Pamela Mamani Ticona, Reyna Isabel Quispe Zegarra, José Calizaya-López* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4428
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4428

Attitudes and behavior on financial literacy and work environment views among philippine national police personnel of sulu provincial police office
type: item
description: This study examined the attitudes and behaviors on financial literacy and the work environment views among Philippine National Police personnel assigned to the Sulu Provincial Police Office. The research applied a descriptive quantitative approach, gathering data from 171 personnel across different units. A validated questionnaire assessed three dimensions: financial literacy attitudes, financial literacy behaviors, and perceptions of the work environment. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed to determine the levels and relationships among variables. Results indicated that respondents exhibited a high level of financial knowledge, positive attitudes toward saving and financial planning, and responsible financial behaviors such as consistent budgeting and timely payment of obligations. Respondents also reported favorable assessments of their work environment, emphasizing teamwork, leadership support, and fair organizational practices despite operational challenges. Findings further revealed that personnel with more positive financial attitudes and behaviors tended to express stronger satisfaction with their workplace conditions, demonstrating a connection between financial well-being and organizational perception. The study concludes that financial literacy enhances professional efficiency, ethical stability, and psychological resilience among police officers. Institutionalizing financial education programs, strengthening welfare initiatives, and improving financial access are recommended to sustain responsible financial practices and reinforce organizational commitment within the Philippine National Police.
creator: Rashid H. Amja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rashid H. Amja* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-16
publication date: 2026-01-16
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4254
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4254

Instructional leadership and teacher professional learning in Chinese calligraphy education: The moderating role of employment status
type: item
description: In the context of Chinese calligraphy education, this study investigates how principals' instructional leadership influences teacher professional learning. Based on survey data from 483 calligraphy teachers and based on social cognitive theory, the results show that in subjects with poorly institutionalised professional learning systems, instructional leadership serves more as a source of organisational meaning and support than as a technical management mechanism. In order to maintain teachers' learning engagement, leadership methods focused on fostering a healthy school climate and communicating instructional value are especially important. Crucially, the study shows that rather than being consistent, leadership impacts are structurally contingent. The link between instructional leadership and teacher professional learning is highly moderated by employment status, with full-time teachers reacting more strongly to leadership support because of their greater organisational embeddedness and more reliable access to school-based resources. This demonstrates how teachers' ability to translate leadership cues into ongoing professional development is shaped by employment frameworks. This study expands instructional leadership and teacher professional learning theory beyond core topics by emphasising the idea of subject ecology, which is characterised by curricular marginality, unequal resource allocation, and employment precarity. It emphasises how organisational settings and employment arrangements may support or restrict teacher agency and learning opportunities in disadvantaged educational areas, in addition to the leadership practices themselves.
creator: Xinkun Xie
creator: Bity Salwana Alias
creator: Mohamed Yusoff Mohd Nor
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Xinkun Xie, Bity Salwana Alias*, Mohamed Yusoff Mohd Nor http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4458
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4458

Gratitude Problems of College Students in Guizhou Province, The People’s Republic of China
type: item
description: Based on Emmons’ three-dimensional theory of gratitude (cognition, emotion, behavior), this study focuses on eight core modules: positive emotions, forgiveness, humility, prosocial behavior, psychological well-Being, guilt, happiness, and life satisfaction. An empirical analysis was conducted on 452 college students in Guizhou Province using a self-developed three-dimensional scale to explore the specific manifestations and interactions of their gratitude cognition, emotion, and behavior. The results show a consistent pattern across all eight modules: scores in the cognitive and emotional dimensions are significantly higher than the overall average of their respective modules (e.g., in the positive emotions module, cognition = 3.36, emotion = 3.38, both higher than the module average of 3.09; in the forgiveness module, cognition = 3.07, emotion = 3.09, both higher than the module average of 2.81), indicating that students have clear cognitive recognition and strong emotional resonance with "the association between gratitude and the concepts of each module." However, scores in the behavioral dimension are generally lower than the overall average of their respective modules (e.g., in the positive emotions module, behavioral strategy score = 2.94, lower than the module average of 3.09; in the forgiveness module, behavioral strategy score = 2.68, lower than the module average of 2.81), reflecting insufficient practice of specific gratitude-related behaviors. This reveals the core issue in gratitude education for college students in Guizhou: a significant gap between cognitive-emotional recognition and behavioral practice. By systematically analyzing the current situation of gratitude education among college students in Guizhou, this study fills the gap in localized research on this group. Based on the data differences across the eight modules, it provides a precise direction for optimizing college gratitude education, which is of great practical significance for improvi…
creator: Zhishui Ma
creator: Piyapong Sumettikoon
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zhishui Ma, Piyapong Sumettikoon http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-14
publication date: 2026-01-14
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4312
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4312

Sustainable Tourism Village Development in Sidoarjo through the Pentahelix Model and Geospatial Planning
type: item
description: This paper analyses the application of the Pentahelix approach in Sidoarjo’s tourism village development, highlighting the importance of joint actions among key stakeholders to realise SDG 8, SDG 11, and SDG 17. The research adopted a descriptive qualitative strategy that integrated document analysis, field interviews, and group discussions, targeting stakeholders selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using thematic coding to identify patterns in stakeholder participation, challenges, and best practices. Findings indicate that Pentahelix collaboration has positively impacted infrastructure improvements, marketing strategies, and tourism management practices, creating opportunities for local economic growth and cultural preservation. However, the study also identifies gaps, particularly in the involvement of academic institutions in research and innovation, and limited community participation in decision making processes. Strengthening the participatory capacity of local communities and enhancing cross sector cooperation can lead to more equitable benefits, foster a stronger sense of ownership, and support long term sustainability. The research provides practical implications for policymakers and tourism practitioners seeking to implement integrated, community based development models, suggesting that sustained dialogue, capacity building programs, and monitoring mechanisms are essential to maximize the potential of Pentahelix partnerships. Overall, this study contributes to the literature on collaborative governance in rural tourism and highlights the importance of multi stakeholder engagement for sustainable and inclusive village development.
creator: Sri Iriani
creator: Muhammad Husain
creator: Syaifurizal Putra
creator: Farid Pribadi
creator: Yessy Artanti
creator: Muhammad Rahmadhan
creator: Dwiarko Nugrohoseno
creator: Dewie Wardoyo
creator: Inggrit Hasanah
creator: Yustina Crismardani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Iriani, Muhammad Husain, Syaifurizal Putra, Farid Pribadi, Yessy Artanti, Muhammad Rahmadhan, Dwiarko Nugrohoseno, Dewie Wardoyo, Inggrit Hasanah,Yustina Crismardani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-29
publication date: 2026-01-29
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4476
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4476

Adoption of campus IoT in Shanghai higher education: A mixed-methods UTAUT study with infrastructure and privacy extensions
type: item
description: Smart-campus initiatives in Shanghai have expanded rapidly, yet evidence on students’ adoption of campus Internet of Things (IoT) services remains mixed. This study integrates the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology with two contextually salient antecedents, reliable Internet connection and security or privacy concern, to explain intention to use campus IoT in higher education. We employed a cross-sectional student survey and complementary tutor interviews. The quantitative strand tested separate bivariate models for key predictors, and the qualitative strand used thematic analysis to contextualize mechanisms and barriers. Findings indicate an infrastructure-first pathway. When campus connectivity is stable and low-friction, students treat IoT as an ambient utility, and intention to use increases, while traditional cognition-centric predictors play a smaller role. Perceived usefulness remains a consistent positive driver; privacy concerns can be addressed through clear policies and visible safeguards; and brief onboarding helps novices move from trial to routine use. The study contributes a pragmatic extension of technology-acceptance work by specifying infrastructure readiness and privacy governance as first-order antecedents of adoption in higher education. Practical recommendations include campus-level connectivity targets, streamlined authentication, plain-language data-use messaging, and micro-orientations at the start of courses. Limitations include a single-city scope and a cross-sectional design; future research should validate the infrastructure-first thesis using multivariable models and multi-site samples.
creator: Shen Qinjie
creator: Nainapas Injoungjirakit
creator: Sombat Teekasap
creator: Prapai Sridama
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Shen Qinjie*, Nainapas Injoungjirakit, Sombat Teekasap, Prapai Sridama http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-14
publication date: 2026-01-14
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4347
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4347

Psychological Reactance as Mediator: How Perceived Threat to Freedom and Perceived Ease of Use Affect Intention to Use Chatbot Services in Chinese E-commerce
type: item
description: The mandatory implementation of chatbots in Chinese e-commerce has elicited consumer resistance. Existing research primarily focuses on the technical optimization of intelligent customer service, examining how to enhance communication efficiency and effectiveness between chatbots and consumers, while paying insufficient attention to the negative psychological mechanisms triggered by mandatory use. This study integrates Psychological Reactance Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model to examine how perceived threats to freedom and perceived ease of use influence consumers’ intention to use chatbots, mediated by psychological reactance under conditions of forced adoption. Based on data collected from 406 survey responses, a structural equation modeling approach was employed to conduct the empirical analysis. The results indicate that: (1) perceived threats to freedom negatively influence intention to use, while perceived ease of use positively influences it. (2) perceived threats to freedom positively predict psychological reactance, whereas perceived ease of use has a negative effect. (3) psychological reactance directly and negatively influences usage intention, serving as a partial mediator between both perceived threats to freedom and perceived ease of use and consumers’ intention to use. Drawing on Psychological Reactance Theory, this study reveals the underlying mechanism through which perceived ease of use enhances consumers’ intention to use chatbot services by mitigating psychological reactance under mandatory conditions. Furthermore, the study offers practical implications for enterprises seeking to mitigate the negative outcomes associated with the compulsory use of intelligent customer service.
creator: Huanyi Liu
creator: Soo-Kyoung Lee
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Huanyi Liu, Soo-Kyoung Lee http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-20
publication date: 2026-01-20
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4372
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4372

Intrinsic Motivation of Teacher Education Instructors in Contributing to the Sustainable Development Goal on Quality Education
type: item
description: Intrinsic motivation encourages engagement in professional tasks, driven by personal interest, internal satisfaction, and a sense of purpose rather than external rewards or pressures. In the teaching profession, intrinsically motivated teachers are more likely to demonstrate creativity, resilience, and commitment to student success, as they perceive fulfillment from the act of teaching itself. This qualitative exploration focused on understanding intrinsic motivation, particularly altruistic values, among teacher education instructors. College teachers (n=19) were sampled to be interviewed about their altruistic motives and how they work towards quality education. The findings revealed that teacher education instructors were primarily driven by intrinsic motivation rooted in moral responsibility, personal fulfillment, and a commitment to lifelong learning. This internal drive translated into active engagement in professional development, research, and the consistent implementation of inclusive, equity-oriented teaching strategies. Teachers expressed a strong sense of purpose in their work, often describing teaching as a moral obligation to contribute to the development of future citizens. The study showed that intrinsically motivated teachers demonstrated a higher tendency to adopt innovative and student-centered teaching practices. Their motivation was deeply linked with altruistic values and a desire to promote social transformation, which manifested in their relational approach to teaching, emphasizing empathy, care, and responsiveness to student needs. Consequently, the findings emphasized the need for systemic support, including reduced structural barriers and targeted training in care-based pedagogies, to sustain and enhance teachers’ intrinsic motivation and altruistic engagement in education.
creator: Ivy M. Nazareth
creator: Jason V. Chavez
creator: Aima Cristina M. Dusaban
creator: Susan D. Estologa
creator: Sar-Ana M. Abdurasul
creator: Rasmil T. Abdurasul
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ivy M. Nazareth*, Jason V. Chavez, Aima Cristina M. Dusaban, Susan D. Estologa, Sar-Ana M. Abdurasul, Rasmil T. Abdurasul http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-16
publication date: 2026-01-16
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 3863
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.3863

Audience perception of media messages on environmental cleanliness in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
type: item
description: This study investigates audience perception of media messages promoting environmental cleanliness in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, a city facing critical challenges of black soot pollution and ineffective solid waste management. It aims to assess awareness, exposure, frequency, and perception of such media messages to understand their impact on public engagement and behaviour. Employing a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 385 adult residents across selected Port Harcourt areas using a structured questionnaire. Sampling involved multi-stage cluster and purposive techniques to ensure demographic and geographic representativeness. The analysis focused on percentages and frequencies to capture audience responses regarding environmental media messaging. Results indicate moderate to high awareness of environmental messages, particularly regarding pollution control and waste disposal, with television and radio as dominant channels. Exposure was sustained, but frequency and consistency of messaging exhibited ambivalence. Audience perceptions were largely positive, highlighting message clarity, local relevance, practicality, and motivational impact; visual demonstrations and expert opinions were most compelling. Behavioural responses varied, with information sharing and community cleanup participation prevalent, but lower rates of recycling and proper waste disposal point to infrastructural and socio-economic barriers. The findings support agenda-setting theory by demonstrating media’s role in elevating environmental issues on the public agenda yet reveal gaps in media coverage and engagement depth. Effective environmental communication requires integrated media strategies and supportive policy frameworks, emphasizing clear, credible, and actionable messaging to foster sustainable urban environmental practices.
creator: Somtochukwu Victor Okeke
creator: Ambrose O. Igboke
creator: Uzoamaka Chioma Ogor
creator: Peace Nwamaka Ojonta
creator: Robert C. E. Ezeanwu
creator: Emeka S. S. Orekyeh
creator: Goodness Oluebube Nwaneji
creator: Charles Chukwudi Eze
creator: Obioma R. Ozioko
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Somtochukwu Victor Okeke, Ambrose O. Igboke, Uzoamaka Chioma Ogor, Peace Nwamaka Ojonta, Robert C. E. Ezeanwu*, Emeka S. S. Orekyeh*, Goodness Oluebube Nwaneji, Charles Chukwudi Eze, Obioma R. Ozioko http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4403
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4403

Factors influencing vocational education teachers’ digital competencies: A systematic literature review
type: item
description: Digital technologies in vocational education significantly impact teacher digital competencies so these digital competencies play a considerable impact on both teaching efficiency and data management. For the following systematic literature review to examine the role of factors in the digital competences of teachers in higher vocational college we aimed to review literatures published from 2018 to 2023. Professional development was particularly interesting to us. We searched Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, and Google Scholar, yielding 20 empirical studies corresponding with our selection criteria. Professional training was perhaps the strongest factor - it significantly increased the confidence and the capability of teachers to work with digital tools. Other important factors include self-confidence, age, attitudes toward technology, digital awareness, years of teaching experience and access to adequate digital resources. An interesting trend emerged: Older teachers in general seemed to have lower digital competencies, although well-organized training schemes along with helpful digital environments, in particular in terms of support systems, were able to raise skill levels in all age groups. Although training is important, we found surprisingly limited empirical research specifically on vocational education. More research is required regarding the relationship between professional training and other influencers. Our results provide policymakers and educational institutions with practical recommendations towards improving digital integration among professionals and fostering the ongoing competence of vocational teachers.
creator: Mohd Nasir Ismail
creator: Xiangyong Duan
creator: Khalid Abdul Wahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mohd Nasir Ismail, Xiangyong Duan,*, Khalid Abdul Wahid http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4102
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4102

Experiential Learning Anxiety and Inducing motivation of learners in mathematics and science-oriented courses
type: item
description: Anxiety in learning mathematics and science remains one of the most common emotional barriers that hinder student performance, confidence, and participation. While many studies have explored traditional interventions for improving academic outcomes, fewer have examined how experiential learning specifically addresses anxiety and motivates learners to engage meaningfully in these subjects. This study investigated how experiential learning strategies reduce learner anxiety and enhance motivation in mathematics and science-oriented courses, as observed by instructors from basic and higher education institutions in Calbayog City, Samar and Tagudin, Ilocos Sur, Philippines. Using a qualitative research design, data were gathered through online semi-structured interviews with twenty-five (25) instructors who had at least two years of teaching experience and practice in implementing experiential learning approaches. Thematic analysis identified recurring strategies that foster a positive and participatory classroom environment. The findings revealed that experiential learning activities such as collaborative problem-solving, hands-on experimentation, reflective debriefing, and real-world applications help normalize mistakes, reduce fear of failure, and cultivate confidence. As anxiety decreases, students exhibit higher motivation, improved persistence, and greater interest in problem-solving tasks. The study concludes that experiential learning provides an effective framework for enhancing both the emotional and cognitive dimensions of mathematics and science education. KEYWORDS: Experimental, Anxiety, Inducing, Mathematics, Science
creator: Jacqueline G. Gumallaoi
creator: Portugal A. Carbonel
creator: Eugene D. Gabriel
creator: Larry Mostoles
creator: Mark Jaybee R. Galay
creator: Richard N. Verdeflor
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jacqueline G. Gumallaoi*, Portugal A. Carbonel, Eugene D. Gabriel, Larry Mostoles, Mark Jaybee R. Galay, Richard N. Verdeflor http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-19
publication date: 2026-01-19
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4238
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4238

Research on the impact of social norms and psychological distance on participation willingness in reverse logistics: An empirical study of sharing economy platform users
type: item
description: The rapid growth of the sharing economy faces a critical bottleneck in its sustainable development: low participation rates in reverse logistics. This study builds an influence model based on Norm Activation Theory and Construal Level Theory. The model examines how social norms and psychological distance affect participation willingness in reverse logistics. It explores the mediating mechanisms of environmental responsibility and perceived behavioral control. The study also tests the moderating effects of platform type, usage frequency, and environmental values. We conducted a questionnaire survey with 468 sharing economy platform users. Structural equation modeling was used for empirical analysis. The findings reveal several important patterns. Social norms positively influence participation willingness in reverse logistics. Injunctive norms show stronger effects (β=0.387) than descriptive norms (β=0.234). All four dimensions of psychological distance produce negative inhibiting effects. Hypothetical distance demonstrates the most prominent hindering effect (β=-0.276). Environmental responsibility and perceived behavioral control serve as partial mediators. The mediating effect of the former is significantly stronger than the latter. Environmental values show the most significant moderating effect. Users with high environmental values respond to norms 1.55 to 2.03 times more strongly than those with low values. This research reveals the psychological mechanisms through which social norms activate moral responsibility and psychological distance weakens emotional identification. These mechanisms shape participation willingness. The study provides theoretical foundations and practical guidance for sharing economy platforms. It helps platforms design norm-based incentives and distance-reduction strategies. The findings carry important practical significance for promoting circular economy development.
creator: Qing Wang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Qing Wang* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-13
publication date: 2026-01-13
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4435
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4435

From Identity to Integration: Motivational Factors and the Impact of the Call Center Industry on Muslim-Filipinos in the Philippine BPO Sector
type: item
description: This phenomenological study examines the motivational, psychological, and behavioral experiences of Muslim-Filipino employees in the Philippine Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry, focusing on how they navigate workplace integration within a highly structured and secular environment. Eighteen Muslim-Filipino call center agents from Metro Manila, Cebu, and Davao participated in in-depth interviews that explored their employment motivations, workplace challenges, and coping strategies. Data were analyzed thematically to capture participants’ lived experiences and meaning-making processes. Islamic ethical values emerged inductively from participants’ narratives and were used as an interpretive lens to understand how Muslim-Filipino employees assign meaning to work, motivation, and adaptation within the BPO sector. Findings indicate that entry into the industry is largely driven by the need for economic stability and accessible employment opportunities. However, sustained engagement is shaped by self-worth, professional growth, ethical livelihood, and personal discipline. Participants reported persistent challenges related to night shifts, physical fatigue, limited accommodation for religious practices, and reduced family interaction. Despite these constraints, they demonstrated resilience through adaptive time management, faith-informed coping, and peer support. Workplace integration emerged not as passive assimilation but as an ongoing process of negotiation between professional expectations, personal values, and religious identity. The study highlights the importance of faith-sensitive and inclusive workplace practices that support employee well-being, dignity, and sustainable integration within the Philippine BPO industry.
creator: Nurmia L. Ticao
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nurmia L. Ticao* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-13
publication date: 2026-01-13
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4301
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4301

Mental health of adolescents and the support of psychosocial resources during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
type: item
description: This study investigates the mental health of adolescents in Da Nang City, Vietnam, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the protective effects of psychosocial resources. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,262 students aged 12-17 using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-25), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and a supplementary emotion questionnaire. Results revealed substantial improvements in emotional well-being as society transitioned to the “new normal”. Negative emotions such as fear, loneliness, and anxiety significantly declined, while positive affect increased. Regression analyses indicated that family and peer support, along with adolescents’ confidence in social competence, played crucial roles in reducing psychological distress and promoting recovery. The findings underscore the family’s central role in emotional resilience and highlight the importance of strengthening psychosocial support systems for adolescents in post-crisis contexts.
creator: Lam Le Thi
creator: Nga Le Thi Thuy
creator: Adi Fahrudin
creator: Binh Nguyen Thanh
creator: Dung My Le
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lam Thi Le, Le Thi Thuy Nga*, Adi Fahrudin, Binh Thanh Nguyen, Dung My Le http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4471
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4471

The impact mechanism of psychological capital on teaching efficacy among vocational college teachers in industry-education integration context: The mediating role of perceived organizational support
type: item
description: Industry-education integration has transformed vocational education systems fundamentally, giving rise to advanced demands on instructors who must link theoretical training with real industry needs. This study is to investigate the mediating effect mechanism of psychological capital on the effectiveness of instruction for vocational college instructors, with a special emphasis on the mediating role of perceived organizational support. Following Conservation of Resources Theory and Social Exchange Theory, a cross-sectional survey design was employed to collect data via a survey of 463 vocational teachers working in China's industry-education integration pilot schools. Structural equation modeling revealed that psychological capital had strong direct (β = 0.31, p < .001) and indirect predictions of teaching efficacy through perceived organizational support. Bootstrap mediation analysis affirmed that perceived organizational support partially mediated the psychological capital-teaching efficacy link, and the indirect effect accounted for 38.0% of the total effect (β = 0.19, 95% CI [0.14, 0.25]). The combined model accounted for 42.7% variance in teaching efficacy. Additional analyses demonstrated that involvement in industry-education integration moderated the psychological capital-teaching efficacy link with larger effects obtained for teachers that were highly involved. These findings can be seen as contributing to theoretical explanations related to the psychological processes involved in teacher efficacy in vocational education contexts and are relevant to empirical recommendations related to institutional support regarding support systems and teacher training related to improving teacher quality in industry education articulation arrangements.
creator: Qiyue Song
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Qiyue Song* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4329
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4329

The Effect of Positive Discipline Intervention on the Parenting Styles and Emotion Management Abilities of Chinese Parents
type: item
description: Parenting plays an important role in the overall physical, psychological, and emotional development of a child. In China, traditional parenting influenced by Confucianism encourages rigid control and emotional suppression of parents. However, with increasing globalization, a shift is seen towards more democratic parenting styles. This study focuses on the importance of positive discipline intervention on the parenting styles and emotion management abilities of parents in China. The study was conducted through an eight-week intervention program including 30 parents from Fuzhou. The parents were equally divided into an experimental group and a control group. The program consisted of activities focusing on emotional regulation, problem-solving, and collaborative relationship between parents and children. A shift was observed from authoritarian and permissive parenting styles toward more authoritative parenting styles among members of the experimental group. Emotional expression and cognitive reappraisal was reported to have improved after the intervention. Despite the limitations of the study with respect to the small size of the sample and localized population, this paper shows the importance of positive discipline in creating a healthy relationship between parents and children and helping in their holistic development. The findings should be viewed with caution considering that the inquiry is pilot and the sample size is limited.
creator: Maoqin Wu
creator: Saralah Devi A/P Mariamdaran
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Maoqin Wu, Saralah Devi A/P Mariamdaran http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-19
publication date: 2026-01-19
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4257
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4357

Enhancing Mandarin Language Learning Through Cultural Integration: An Exploratory Study on Learner Engagement and Competence
type: item
description: This study explores the impact of cultural integration on the Mandarin language learning experience, filling a crucial gap in current research that often overlooks the role of cultural elements in language acquisition. Specifically, it assesses how a Cultural Integration Program influences learners' language skills, cultural understanding, and motivation. An exploratory methodology was applied, involving a questionnaire distributed to 12 participants. Part A of the questionnaire contained 16 quantitative items focused on assessing language proficiency, cultural awareness, and motivational factors. At the same time, Part B included four open-ended questions that offered insights into participants' personal experiences within the program. The data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative approaches to understand measurable outcomes and nuanced personal reflections comprehensively. The findings suggest that cultural activities when embedded in language programs foster greater interest, improve communication skills, and enrich cultural understanding among learners. These insights underscore the value of integrating cultural elements into Mandarin language education, highlighting the potential benefits for learners in terms of both linguistic and intercultural competence. This research offers valuable implications for educators and policymakers aiming to enhance the effectiveness of language instruction by incorporating culturally responsive practices into curricula.
creator: Nurul Ain Chua
creator: Roswati binti Abdul Rashid
creator: Goh Ying Soon
creator: Misrah Mohamed
creator: Yee Chin Yip
creator: Rohaya Md Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Ain Chua1, Roswati binti Abdul Rashid*,Goh Ying Soon, Misrah Mohamed, Yee Chin Yip, Rohaya Md Ali http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-22
publication date: 2026-01-22
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 3537
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.3537

Construction and empirical study of modified diamond model for creative tourism competitiveness in Chengdu-Chongqing region from social psychology perspective
type: item
description: As an emerging format that deeply integrates culture and tourism, creative tourism urgently requires competitiveness evaluation to transcend traditional resource- and economy-oriented frameworks. Based on core social-psychological theoretical frameworks including social identity theory, place attachment theory, and participation theory, this study systematically improves Porter's Diamond Model by: (1) splitting the original "firm strategy, structure, and rivalry" dimension into two independent dimensions—"competitors" and "government support," with the former focusing on objective assessment of industry competition dynamics and the latter emphasizing institutional support from the policy environment, a split that better aligns with China's government-led tourism development model; and (2) integrating psychological dimensions such as cultural identity, emotional attachment, and tourist participation into the competitiveness evaluation system, thereby constructing an improved model encompassing five dimensions: creative development factors, market demand, supporting industries, competitors, and government support. Taking the Chengdu-Chongqing region as the empirical subject, the study employs analytical hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and spatial analysis methods, conducting triangulation based on statistical data from 2022-2024, 800 tourist questionnaires, and interviews with 15 experts. The findings reveal: Chengdu's comprehensive competitiveness score of 0.8294 is significantly higher than Chongqing's 0.7912, with the two cities presenting a differentiated competitive landscape; social-psychological factors account for 42.3% of the explanatory power for competitiveness differences, remaining stable over three years (41.8% in 2022, 42.1% in 2023, and 42.7% in 2024). Comparative analysis with pre-pandemic baseline data from 2019 (40.3%) indicates that this explanatory power is not a short-term post-pandemic fluctuation but rather refle…
creator: Zhu Zhu
creator: Siti Suriawati Isa
creator: Mohd Aswad Ramlan
creator: Qiang Dan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zhu Zhu, Siti Suriawati Isa, Mohd Aswad Ramlan, Qiang DanZhu Zhu, Siti Suriawati Isa, Mohd Aswad Ramlan, Qiang Dan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4388
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4388

The Age-Well-Being Paradox in the Public Sector: A Generational Analysis of Life Satisfaction Among Government Employees in Abu Dhabi
type: item
description: Purpose - This study examines how well-being determinants shape life satisfaction across career stages among government employees in Abu Dhabi. By analysing separate regression models for different age groups, the study identifies shifts in key predictors over time. Methods - Using data from 51,638 government employees, multiple regression analysis assessed the impact of economic stability, job experiences, social relationships, and health factors on life satisfaction. The analysis was conducted separately for each age category. Results - Findings reveal age-specific shifts in well-being determinants. Income and job satisfaction are key in early career stages, while work-life balance and family satisfaction become more relevant in mid-career. Later stages emphasize subjective health, emotional well-being, and social ties, with job-related factors declining in significance. The predictive power of the model increases with age, suggesting greater stability in well-being determinants over time. Conclusions and implications - The study calls for age-targeted workplace policies. Early-career employees benefit from financial and career support, mid-career workers from work-life balance initiatives, and older employees from retirement planning and health programs. Life satisfaction evolves with career stages, requiring tailored well-being strategies. Policymakers and organizations can enhance workforce well-being by addressing the changing priorities of employees over time. Limitations & Future Research - The cross-sectional nature of the study limits causal inference, as differences observed between age groups may reflect cohort effects rather than true age-related changes. For instance, older employees may report higher life satisfaction not because of aging per se but due to generational differences in work values, economic security, or social expectations. Future longitudinal research is therefore needed to disentangle age, period, and cohort influences on well-being a…
creator: Masood Badri
creator: Mugheer Alkhaili
creator: Hamad Aldhaheri
creator: Guang Yang
creator: Muna Albahar
creator: Asma Alrashdi
creator: Maryam Alzaabi
creator: Saad Yaaqeib
creator: Alanoud Alsawai
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Masood Badri, Mugheer Alkhaili, Hamad Aldhaheri, Guang Yang, Muna Albahar, Asma Al Rashdi, Maryam Alzaabi, Saad Yaaqeib, Alanoud Alsawai http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4004
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4004

ADDIE Instructional Design Model Empowering International Chinese Language Learning: Mechanisms and Practical Strategies
type: item
description: With the rapid expansion of global Chinese language education, traditional instructional approaches have become insufficient to address the needs of diverse and cross-cultural learners. Systematic and learner-centered instructional design has therefore become an increasingly important topic in international Chinese language education. This study develops and validates an integrated model that incorporates the ADDIE instructional design framework, self-efficacy, and creative climate, aiming to examine how systematic instructional design influences international Chinese learners’ learning outcomes and learning satisfaction, as well as the psychological mediating mechanism and contextual moderating effect underlying this process. Based on 466 valid questionnaire responses, structural equation modeling was employed for analysis. The results indicate that: (1) the implementation of the ADDIE model significantly enhances learning outcomes and learning satisfaction, demonstrating the effectiveness of systematic instructional design in international Chinese teaching; (2) self-efficacy plays a significant mediating role between ADDIE and learning outcomes, suggesting that systematic instructional design can improve learning performance by strengthening learners’ confidence and sense of capability; and (3) creative climate positively moderates the relationship between self-efficacy and learning outcomes, indicating that an open, supportive, and exploratory learning environment amplifies the positive influence of self-efficacy. Theoretically, this study extends the applicability of the ADDIE model to the field of language education and reveals the interaction among instructional design, learning psychology, and learning context. Practically, the findings provide strategic implications for curriculum development, learner support, and classroom innovation in international Chinese language teaching. Finally, directions for future research are proposed to further deepen the unders…
creator: Di Gao
creator: Meiyu Wang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Di Gao，Meiyu Wang* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-29
publication date: 2026-01-29
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4417
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4417

Mechanism of career choice among high school students under the interaction of cultural environment and social cognition: A Social psychological perspective
type: item
description: Based on a social psychological perspective, this study employed a mixed-methods approach to explore the mechanisms underlying high school students' career choice under the interaction of cultural environment and social cognition. Through quantitative surveys of 1,200 high school students and in-depth interviews with 36 students, data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, multilevel linear modeling, and thematic analysis. The findings revealed that: (1) Cultural environment exerted significant direct effects on career choice, with family, school, and societal cultural environments collectively explaining 28.5%-41.3% of the variance in career choice behaviors; (2) Social cognitive variables played important mediating roles, with the total mediating effects of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and career values accounting for 39.2%-45.8% of the total effects; (3) Cultural adaptability, cognitive flexibility, and social support demonstrated moderating, facilitating, and buffering-amplifying effects respectively in the cultural environment-cognitive process relationship; (4) The high adaptability group showed stronger cultural environmental influence effects (β=0.234), individuals with high cognitive flexibility exhibited better environmental adaptation capabilities (r=0.612), and social support demonstrated buffering effects under stressful situations (β=-0.245) while showing amplifying effects in positive environments (β=0.318). This study constructed an integrative theoretical model of cultural environment-social cognition interaction, extended the cross-cultural applicability of social cognitive theory, provided a new analytical framework for understanding adolescent career development patterns in complex cultural contexts, and offered scientific evidence for career guidance practice and educational policy formulation.
creator: Chunlei Xu
creator: Maria Theresa Cardano
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Chunlei Xu*, Maria Theresa Cardano http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-14
publication date: 2026-01-14
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4192
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4192

Enhancing innovation and entrepreneurship education in higher education through the P-OIITT blended teaching model: Integrating OBE, constructivist, and group psychology approaches
type: item
description: This research evaluates the efficacy of PMADE system teaching design model,OBE concept,Information technology, Independent study,Teacher guidance,and Teacher-student interaction (P-OIITT), which focuses on the integration of Outcome-Based Education (OBE), Constructivist Learning Theory, and Group Psychology Theory into innovation and entrepreneurship education offered in higher education institutions in China. P-OIITT makes use of groups, social facilitation, and collective efficacy. The research employed a two-phase methodology: (1) the Delphi technique with 17 experts to validate instructional components, and (2) a quasi-experimental design with 120 students, divided into experimental (n=60) and control (n=60) groups. The results indicated that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group across all measured dimensions. Academic performance improved by +3.44 points (p=0.003), while innovation ability increased by +1.18 and entrepreneurship ability by +1.57 on a 0 – 4 Likert scale. Effect size analysis confirmed a medium effect for academic performance (d=0.65) and large effects for innovation (d=0.82) and entrepreneurship ability (d=0.91). These findings demonstrated that P-OIITT not only enhances cognitive achievement but also substantially strengthens higher-order competencies essential for the 21st century. The novelty of this study lies in the systematic integration of OBE outcomes and constructivist pedagogy into a validated blended teaching model specifically tailored for innovation and entrepreneurship education. Unlike conventional lecture-based methods, P-OIITT emphasizes active, experiential, and outcome-aligned learning, providing both theoretical and empirical contributions to instructional design in higher education.
creator: Liu Yang
creator: Thosporn Sangsawang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Liu Yang, Thosporn Sangsawang* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-21
publication date: 2026-01-21
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4430
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4430

Unraveling the Pathway from Digital Leadership to Employee Creativity: The Strategic Roles of Intrinsic Motivation and Job Engagement
type: item
description: This study develops a theoretical model explaining how digital leadership fosters employee creativity through the psychological mechanisms of intrinsic motivation and job engagement, addressing inconsistent prior findings and the limited evidence from Indonesia’s private banking sector. Using a quantitative survey of 250 private bank employees in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, data were analyzed with PLS-SEM to evaluate both the measurement and structural models, including reliability, validity, predictive power, and path relationships. The results confirm all hypothesized direct and indirect effects, indicating that digital leadership positively influences intrinsic motivation and job engagement, which in turn enhance employee creativity. Both variables function as significant mediators, and the model demonstrates moderate predictive relevance without multicollinearity issues. The study contributes to organizational and human resource management literature by extending digital leadership research in highly regulated, technology-intensive contexts and reinforcing the explanatory role of Self-Determination Theory in the digital era. Practically, the findings emphasize the importance of developing digital leadership capabilities, promoting autonomy and continuous skill development, and leveraging job engagement as a strategic driver of sustainable creativity in Indonesia’s banking sector.
creator: Maria Valeria Roellyanti
creator: Muafi Muafi
creator: Dessy Isfianadewi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Valeria Roellyanti, Muafi Muafi*and Dessy Isfianadewi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4466
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4466

Transformational leadership and knowledge sharing: Science mapping of present and future trend
type: item
description: This study explores and synthesizes the knowledge structure of transformational leadership on knowledge sharing. Transformational leadership has been widely recognized as an effective approach for fostering knowledge sharing among individuals within organizations, although its impact may vary depending on contextual factors. Through a science mapping analysis, this study reviews the fundamental knowledge structure in the Web of Science (WoS) database to uncover the current and future trends of transformational leadership and knowledge sharing. A total of 441 documents were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS), spanning the years 2006 to 2024. The current trends produced by bibliographic coupling analysis depicted three clusters: Leadership influence on employees’ creativity, social capital and knowledge sharing behavior, and innovation capability through transformational leadership. At the same time, the future trends produced by co-word analysis suggest three themes associated with 1) firm performance, 2) innovation and creativity, and 3) fostering of trust, absorptive capacity, and self-efficacy through transformational leadership. Implications suggest that transformational leadership is one of the most effective leadership styles that encourages followers' knowledge sharing behavior, among other constructive leadership styles, such as servant transactional leadership, servant leadership, and authentic leadership. Organizations need to develop transformational leadership among their leaders to ensure that followers can follow and replicate the ideas of their leaders. This study is among the first to present the knowledge structure on transformational leadership and its relationship with knowledge sharing.
creator: Mohd Najmuddin Hasan
creator: Christine Tan Nya-Ling
creator: Walton Wider
creator: Ahmad Samed Al-Adwan
creator: Chin Wei Chong
creator: Lester Naces Udang
creator: Muhammad Ashraf Fauzi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mohd Najmuddin Hasan, Christine Tan Nya-Ling, Walton Wider, Ahmad Samed Al-Adwan, Chong Chin Wei*, Lester Naces Udang, Muhammad Ashraf Fauzi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-29
publication date: 2026-01-29
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4040
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4040

Emotional intelligence as a protective factor against teacher burnout: A systematic review without meta-analysis
type: item
description: Teacher burnout is main concern globally and is identified by emotional fatigue and depersonalization, while emotional intelligence (EI) has been recognized as a key shielding factor against burnout. Research findings on this remain fragmented that vary in contexts and methods. This study presents a systematic review without meta-analysis, examining a total of 73 peer-reviewed empirical articles published between 2015 and 2025, recognized through extensive searches in Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus in line with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Included studies explored EI and related constructs, such as emotion regulation and socio-emotional competence, in connection with teacher burnout among in-service educators. Data were organized using a structured coding framework and synthesized thematically, taking into account individual, organizational, and contextual factors. Most studies identified that higher EI was related to lesser emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and superior personal achievement. Four ways elucidated this effect: adaptive emotion regulation, resilience and coping efficacy, supportive work climates, and reflective emotional learning. Mindfulness, empathy, and trust improved EI’s benefits, while workload, low peer support, and obstructive norms deteriorated them. Outcomes varied by education level, context, and EI measures. Overall, EI arises as a multidimensional resilience resource formed by personal, relational, and cultural factors. Strengthening educators’ emotion handling skills by training, reflection, and caring surroundings can lessen burnout and endorse well-being. Future research streamline EI–burnout dynamics and advance cross-cultural validity.
creator: Yuhan Xue
creator: Aida Hanim A.Hamid
creator: Mohamed Yusoff Mohd Nor
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yuhan Xue*, Aida Hanim A.Hamid, Mohamed Yusoff Mohd Nor http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-19
publication date: 2026-01-19
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4419
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4419

Factors Influencing Employee Creativity in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Analysis, Systematic Literature Review, and Future Research Directions
type: item
description: Despite extensive research on employee creativity and its impact on employee and organizational outcomes in management, there is a scarcity of studies examining this topic in higher education. The limited research focusing on education suggests a prevalent lack of employee creativity among educational institutions. To address this research gap, we conducted a systematic analysis of empirical studies on the factors influencing employee creativity in higher education published up to November 2024, employing a combination of bibliometric and content analysis methods. Our findings provide a comprehensive overview of the field, identifying influential works and analyzing scholarly communication among them. Furthermore, the study clarifies the research network’s central themes and structural characteristics on employee creativity in higher education. We conclude by discussing future research directions, aiming to foster a deeper understanding and advancement of employee creativity within higher educational settings.
creator: Qiuhong Wu
creator: Syaharizatul Noorizwan Muktar
creator: Hakimah Muhammad Zin
creator: Fangyin Tian
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Qiuhong Wu, Syaharizatul Noorizwan Muktar*, Hakimah Muhammad Zin, Fangyin Tian http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 3536
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.3536

A review of the necessity of AI application in English education in Chinese colleges and universities
type: item
description: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Chinese universities for the teaching and learning of the English language marks a significant transformation from traditional methods of teaching. It addresses the global demands of communication and places the country on a higher pedestal in the international arena. This paper explores how AI has transformed the teaching and learning of English by improving engagement and modernizing the methods of teaching. This has been done with the help of a number of secondary literatures on the theme. Tools such as chatbots and Intelligent Tutoring Systems have enhanced the vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar of students. However, AI comes with its own threats. Challenges such as over-dependence on technology and breach of data emphasize the need to use AI consciously. Though AI can never replace humans, its proper utilization guided by educators and policymakers can definitely help enhance the English language learning experience in a country like China.
creator: Yuping Shao
creator: Supyan Hussin
creator: Hanita Hanim Ismail
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yuping Shao, Supyan Hussin, Hanita Hanim Ismail* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-29
publication date: 2026-01-29
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4416
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4416

A conceptual framework of digital transformation in Chinese private universities: Integrating digital leadership, teacher digital competence, and innovative work behavior
type: item
description: Digital transformation has become a strategic imperative for higher education, yet how it is enacted in Chinese private universities and how it reshapes academic work at the teacher level remain insufficiently understood. Prior research often emphasises institutional strategies and technologies, with less attention to the micro-level mechanisms through which leadership and faculty capabilities convert digital investments into sustained innovation. This conceptual paper develops an integrative, multi-level framework explaining how digital leadership can support digital transformation in Chinese private universities by strengthening teachers’ digital competence and, in turn, innovative work behavior. The framework positions digital leadership as an institutional driver that shapes strategic vision, infrastructure investment, and support for experimentation; teacher digital competence as a proximal capability enabling pedagogically meaningful digitalization of teaching practice; and innovative work behavior as the behavioral manifestation of transformation in everyday academic work. Professional identity tensions and contextual pressures are incorporated as boundary conditions that shape when competence is translated into discretionary innovation and when it is redirected toward compliance. By synthesising complementary and contradictory findings, including evidence on underperformance and rhetoric-practice decoupling, the paper offers a coherent perspective on digital transformation in private higher education and outlines priorities for future empirical research in the Chinese private university sector.
creator: Mengjun Huang
creator: Azlin Norhaini Mansor
creator: Fathiyah Mohd Kamaruzaman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mengjun Huang, Azlin Norhaini Mansor, Fathiyah Mohd Kamaruzaman* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-19
publication date: 2026-01-19
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4420
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4420

In-Depth Assessment Practices among Intermediate School Social Studies Teachers and the Implications of Self-Efficacy in Light of Educational Modernization Standards
type: item
description: The current research aims at analysing self-efficacy and its relationship to in-depth assessment methods in light of educational modernization standards among intermediate school social studies teachers. The research objectives are: Creating a questionnaire measuring in-depth assessment methods, consisting of five domains. Determining the extent to which intermediate school social studies teachers possess self-efficacy, and identifying differences in self-efficacy among them according to gender (male-female). Determining the extent to which elementary school social studies teachers possess in-depth assessment methods in light of educational modernization standards, according to gender (male-female). Analyzing the statistical differences in the correlation between self-efficacy and in-depth assessment methods among social studies teachers, in light of educational modernization standards. The researcher relied on the use of the descriptive correlational approach to uncover self-efficacy, in-depth assessment methods, and the relationship between them, building a self-efficacy scale, which consists of (24) items distributed over three domains: activity testing, effort exerted, and perseverance in performing tasks, while ensuring the discriminatory power, internal consistency, and conditions of validity and reliability, and collecting information and data using the questionnaire tool, which consists of (42) items distributed over five domains, after completing the conditions of validity, reliability, and statistical analysis, and all its psychometric properties were confirmed. To further this, the researcher administered the scale and questionnaire to a sample of (300) male and female teachers for statistical analysis purposes, while the primary sample consisted of (120) intermediate school social studies teachers. The researcher relied on appropriate statistical methods for data analysis. After collecting and statistically processing the data using the Statistical Packa…
creator: Miri Abdzaid Abdulhussein
creator: Mohammed Tuama Kadhim Al Hamad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Miri Abdzaid Abdulhussein* , Mohammed Tuama Kadhim Al Hamad http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
volume: 11
number: 1
ending page: 4529
doi: 10.59429/esp.v11i1.4529