Use of the average age ratio method in analyzing age heaping in censuses: The case of China

Danan Gu and Qiushi Feng studied to assess age heaping or digit preference in all population censuses of China. The study shows that age heaping in China’s censuses is likely associated with age-related policies such as those on late marriage and retirement. As shown in the study, the average age ratio method can be an alternative of the Whipple’s Index and be improved if the size of birth cohort was taken into account when the number of births is generally reliable.

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