Preparation and Characterization of Green Epoxy Resin Composites and Its Use in Corrosion Resistance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18063/msmr.v0i0.948Keywords:
Kraft lignin, Epoxidization, Corrosion inhibitor, DSCAbstract
In this work, appropriate alternative for diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) was found to avoid the destructive effects of bisphenol A. Lignin, an aromatic compound from palm tree leaves, was used as a renewable material to synthesize a bio-based epoxy resin. Lignin extracted using Kraft pulping process. Kraft Lignin was epoxidized with epichlorohydrin in alkaline medium. Nano-titanium dioxide was used as filler with ratio of 10% to prepare the green epoxy composite. The structure of the Kraft lignin and lignin-based epoxy resin was proven via Infrared spectra (FT-IR) were recorded using solid KBr disk by testing Shimadzu (FT-IR-8300) spectrophotometer. The thermal properties of the curing process of lignin-based epoxy resin and composite were investigate using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Potentiodynamic measurements data revealed that the anti-corrosion performance of the lignin based epoxy resin. The study demonstrates successful of epoxidation of Kraft lignin. In addition, lignin based eopxy resin showed effective inhibitor for carbon steel in 3.5 wt. % NaCl electrolyte solutions
References
Methacanon, P., )2010(. Optimum conditions for selective separation of kraft lignin. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 44, 680 – 690.
Silva, E.A.B. da, Zabkova, M., Araujo, J.D., Cateto, C.A., Barreiro, M.F., Belgacem, M.N., Rodriques, A.E., )2009(. An integrated process to produce vanillin and lignin-based polyurethanes from kraft lignin,‖. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 87.
Zakzeski, J., Bruijnincx, P.C.A., Jongerius, A.L., Weckhuysen, B.M., )2010(. The catalytic valorization of lignin for the production of renewable chemicals. Chem. Rev. 110, 3552–3599.
Boerjan, W., Ralph, J., Baucher, M., (2003(. Lignin biosynthesis. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 54, 519–546.
Henriksson, G., (2007(. Lignin. In ljungberg textbook. Pulp and paper chemistry and technology. Book 1. Wood chemistry and wood biotechnology Ed(s). Ek M, Gellerstedt G and Henriksson G., Fiber and polymer technology, KTH, Stockholm. Stockholm.
Gosselink, R.J.A., (2011(. Lignin as a renewable aromatic resource for the chemical industry. Thesis, Wageningen University.
Faruk O., Sain M. Lignin in Polymer Composites. Amsterdam: Elsevier; (2015). 350 p.
Thakur V.K., Thakur M.K., Raghavan P., Kessler M.R. (2014). Progress in green polymer composites from lignin for multifunctional applications: a review. ACS SUSTAIN. CHEM. ENG. 2, 1072–1092.
Liu W., Zhou R., Goh H.L.S., Huang S., Lu X., 2014. From waste to functional additive: toughening epoxy resin with lignin. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 6:5810–
Thielemans W., Wool R.P., 2004. Butyrated kraft lignin as compatibilizing agent for natural fiber reinforced thermoset composites. Composites Part A: Appl Sci Manuf. 35, 327–338.
Ma, S.; Liu, X.; Jiang, Y.; Tang, Z.; Zhang, C.; Zhu, J., 2013. Bio-based epoxy resin from itaconic acid and its thermosets cured with anhydride and comonomers. Green Chem., 15, 245–254.
Nikafshar, S.; Zabihi, O.; Hamidi, S.; Moradi, Y.; Barzegar, S.; Ahmadi, M.; Naebe, M., 2017. A renewable biobased epoxy resin with improved mechanical performance that can compete with dgeba. RSC Adv., 7, 8694–8701.
Mohamad Ibrahim, M.N., Zakaria, N., Sipaut, C.S., Sulaiman, O., Hashim, R., 2011. Chemical and thermal properties of lignins from oil palm biomass as a substitute for phenol in a phenol formaldehyde resin production. Carbohydr Polym. 86, 112–119.
Mohamad Ibrahim, M.N., Chuah, S.B., Rosli, W.D.W., 2004. Characterization of lignin precipitated from the soda black liquor of oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers by various mineral acids. Asian J. Sci. Technol. Dev. 21, 57–67.
Lin, S.Y., 1992. Commercial spent pulping liquors. Methods in lignin chemistry . Springer-Verlag., Berlin.
Faris AH, Rahim AA, Ibrahim MNM, Hussin HM, Alkurdi AM, Salehabadi A., 2017. Investigation of oil palm based Kraft and auto-catalyzed organosolv lignin susceptibility as a green wood adhesives. IJAA.; 74;115-122
Zabihi, O., 2012. Modeling of phenomenological mechanisms during thermal formation and degradation of an epoxy-based nanocomposite. Thermochim. Acta, 543, 239–245.
Zabihi, O., Khodabandeh, A., Ghasemlou, S., 2012. Investigation of mechanical properties and cure behavior of dgeba/nano-fe2o3 with polyamine dendrimer. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 97, 1730–1736.
Zabihi, O., Aghaie, M., Zare, K., 2013. Study on a novel thermoset nanocomposite form dgeba–cycloaliphatic diamine and metal nanoparticles. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 111, 703–710.