Preparedness confidence and challenges on disaster management among tourism establishments in Zamboanga City, Philippines
Vol 9, Issue 11, 2024, Article identifier:
VIEWS - 61 (Abstract) 43 (PDF)
Abstract
The tourism industry is extensively vulnerable to the impacts of disasters, both natural and man-made, which can significantly disrupt travel patterns and economic stability. In the face of such challenges, the tourism sector must prioritize disaster risk reduction and management strategies to enhance resilience. This mixed-method paper discussed the disaster preparedness confidence and challenges of tourism establishments in Zamboanga City, Philippines. The managers and owners of hotels and resorts were purposively sampled to be surveyed (n=22) and interviewed (n=7). The findings reveal that the tourism establishments in Zamboanga City were generally confident in their disaster preparedness, particularly for natural disasters like floods, earthquakes, landslides, and fires. This confidence was demonstrated through safety measures such as warning devices, emergency kits, safety signages, and evacuation areas. However, the study also showed a lack of confidence in areas related to employee training and comprehensive evacuation planning. Managers acknowledged that their training programs were often inadequate or outdated, which limits their overall disaster readiness. Despite the high perceived confidence, overconfidence could lead to complacency, as some managers admitted neglecting thorough risk assessments and updated protocols, potentially leaving critical vulnerabilities unaddressed.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
1. Ha, K. M. (2024). Improving disaster management in international tourism. Management Review Quarterly, 74(3), 1423-1437.
2. Khan, S. M., Shafi, I., Butt, W. H., Diez, I. D. L. T., Flores, M. A. L., Galán, J. C., & Ashraf, I. (2023). A systematic review of disaster management systems: approaches, challenges, and future directions. Land, 12(8), 1514.
3. Herre B. & Samborska, V. (2023). Tourism. Our World in Data [Online]. https://ourworldindata.org/tourism
4. Statista. (2024), Global tourism industry - statistics & facts. Statista [Online]. https://www.statista.com/topics/962/global-tourism/#topicOverview
5. Abbas, J., Mubeen, R., Iorember, P. T., Raza, S., & Mamirkulova, G. (2021). Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on tourism: transformational potential and implications for a sustainable recovery of the travel and leisure industry. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences, 2, 100033.
6. Scheyvens, R., & Biddulph, R. (2018). Inclusive tourism development. Tourism Geographies, 20(4), 589-609.
7. Friedrich, J., Stahl, J., Hoogendoorn, G., & Fitchett, J. M. (2020). Exploring climate change threats to beach tourism destinations: application of the hazard–activity pairs methodology to South Africa. Weather, Climate, and Society, 12(3), 529-544.
8. Pandy, W. R., & Rogerson, C. M. (2020). Tourism industry perspectives on climate change in South Africa. New directions in South African tourism geographies, 93-111.
9. Abdelrahman, Z., Li, M., & Wang, X. (2020). Comparative review of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and influenza a respiratory viruses. Frontiers in immunology, 11, 552909.
10. Liew, V. K. S. (2022). The effect of novel coronavirus pandemic on tourism share prices. Journal of Tourism Futures, 8(1), 109-124.
11. Patton, A. I., Rathburn, S. L., Capps, D. M., McGrath, D., & Brown, R. A. (2021). Ongoing landslide deformation in thawing permafrost. Geophysical research letters, 48(16), e2021GL092959.
12. Etulle-Tapanan, H. N. (2015). Path Analysis of Climate and Tourism to the Economic Growth in the Philippines. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 3(1).
13. Hsu, J. L., & Sharma, P. (2023). Disaster and risk management in outdoor recreation and tourism in the context of climate change. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 15(5), 712-728.
14. Amelung, B., & Nicholls, S. (2014). Implications of climate change for tourism in Australia. Tourism Management, 41, 228-244.
15. Nipa, T. J., Kermanshachi, S., & Pamidimukkala, A. (2023). Identification of resilience dimensions in critical transportation infrastructure networks. Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction, 15(2), 03122001.
16. Patel, R. K., Pamidimukkala, A., Kermanshachi, S., & Etminani-Ghasrodashti, R. (2023). Disaster preparedness and awareness among university students: a structural equation analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(5), 4447.
17. Hystad, P. W., & Keller, P. C. (2008). Towards a destination tourism disaster management framework: Long-term lessons from a forest fire disaster. Tourism management, 29(1), 151-162.
18. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR, 2015). Developing strategies to strengthen the resilience of hotels to disasters.
19. Brown, N. A., Rovins, J. E., Feldmann-Jensen, S., Orchiston, C., & Johnston, D. (2017). Exploring disaster resilience within the hotel sector: A systematic review of literature. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 22, 362-370.
20. Sangat, J. A., & Estores, K. I. (2023). Disaster Risk Management Preparedness and Challenges of a Local Beach and Dive Resort in Southern Negros Occidental. Technium Business and Management, 3, 24-58.
21. Añes-de la Cruz, J. L. (2022). How Zamboanga's Tourism Is Anchored in the Culture of its People. Spot.ph [Online]. https://www.spot.ph/things-to-do/the-latest-things-to-do/89541/how-zamboanga-tourism-is-rooted-in-its-culture-a4543-20220612-lfrm?s=79pa50k65epae1001rlvrchoso
22. Casale, S. & Rhodes, E. (2024). 11 Most Beautiful Pink-sand Beaches Around the World. Travel+Leisure [Online]. https://www.travelandleisure.com/trip-ideas/beach-vacations/pink-sand-beaches
23. Choi, H. S., & Lee, J. E. (2021). Hospital nurses’ willingness to respond in a disaster. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 51(2), 81-88.
24. Pantja, D. S., Andriani, N. Y., & Syafii, M. (2023). The Influence of Financial Education and Financial Literacy on Savings Behavior with the Mediation of Financial Confidence. SEIKO: Journal of Management & Business, 6(2).
25. Yıldırım, M., & Güler, A. (2022). COVID-19 severity, self-efficacy, knowledge, preventive behaviors, and mental health in Turkey. Death studies, 46(4), 979-986.
26. Hall, C. M. (2021). Constructing sustainable tourism development: The 2030 agenda and the managerial ecology of sustainable tourism. In Activating critical thinking to advance the sustainable development goals in tourism systems (pp. 198-214). Routledge.
27. Kyrylov, Y., Hranovska, V., Boiko, V., Kwilinski, A., & Boiko, L. (2020). International tourism development in the context of increasing globalization risks: On the example of Ukraine’s integration into the global tourism industry. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(12), 303.
28. UN Tourism. (2018). Tourism highlights: 2018 edition. World Tourism Organisation. https://www.unwto.org/global/publication/unwto-tourism-highlights-2018-edition
29. Jus (2021). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2021 (Issue, June). World Travel and Tourism Council.
30. Stezhko, N., Oliinyk, Y., Polishchuk, L., Tyshchuk, I., Parfinenko, A., & Markhonos, S. (2020). International tourism in the system of modern globalization processes. International Journal of Management (IJM), 11(3).
31. Ziyadin, S., Litvishko, O., Dubrova, M., Smagulova, G., & Suyunchaliyeva, M. (2019). Diversification tourism in the conditions of the digitalization. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(2), 1055-1070.
32. Akamavi, R. K., Ibrahim, F., & Swaray, R. (2023). Tourism and troubles: Effects of security threats on the global travel and tourism industry performance. Journal of Travel Research, 62(8), 1755-1800.
33. Lukianenko, D., Poruchnik, A., Stoliarchuk, Y., & Liutak, O. (2019). Globalization of the tourism industry: scales, levels and institutional formats. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(2), 563.
34. Muromtseva, Y. I. (2023). Development features of the tourism industry in the context of globalization.
35. Neuhofer, B. (2024). Positive tourism experiences for human transformation: a Horizon 2050 paper. Tourism Review.
36. Yeoman, I., Robertson, M., & Smith, K. (2014). A futurist’s view on the future of events. In The Routledge handbook of events (pp. 518-536). Routledge.
37. García-Madurga, M. Á., & Grilló-Méndez, A. J. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in the tourism industry: An overview of reviews. Administrative Sciences, 13(8), 172.
38. Zhong, L., Xu, Z., Morrison, A. M., Li, Y., & Zhu, M. (2023). Metaverse customer journeys in tourism: building viable virtual worlds. Tourism Review.
39. Aguirre, J. K. C., Vicente, M. B., Chavez, J. V., Francisco, M. D., Mondido, J. G. O. O., & Visitacion, J. S. (2023). Content analysis of consumer reviews on preferred characteristics of accommodation products. Journal of Namibian Studies: History Politics Culture, 33, 4264-4286.
40. Mendoza, D. V., Vicente, M. B., & Chavez, J. V. (2023). Food Servicing Characteristics Of The Accommodation Products As Deal-Breakers Of Consumer Purchasing Behaviors. Journal of Namibian Studies: History Politics Culture, 33, 1695-1719.
41. Neuhofer, B. (2022), Experience design, in Buhalis. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing, Edward Elgar Publishing,179-182.
42. Statista. (2024). Total number of international tourist arrivals to the Philippines from 2012 to 2023. Statista [Online]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1053908/philippines-number-of-foreign-visitor-tourist-arrivals/
43. Philippine Statistics Authority. (PSA, 2024). Tourism Posted Highest Growth in 2023, Contributing 8.6 Percent to the Economy. PSA [Online]. https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/tourism
44. Ha, K. M. (2023). Improving disaster management in international tourism. Management Review Quarterly, 1-15.
45. Prayag, G. (2023). UN world tourism day 2022: disaster/crisis management and resilience in tourism. Frontiers in Sustainable Tourism, 2, 1305517.
46. Xiong, Y., & Tang, X. (2023). Tourism during health disasters: Exploring the role of health system quality, transport infrastructure, and environmental expenditures in the revival of the global tourism industry. PloS one, 18(9), e0290252.
47. Olalia, R. (2024). Tourism Resilience in CALABARZON Region Philippines. Diversitas Journal, 9(1_Special), 392-418.
48. Gössling, S., & Schweiggart, N. (2022). Two years of COVID-19 and tourism: What we learned, and what we should have learned. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(4), 915-931.
49. Kurata, Y. B., Ong, A. K. S., Ang, R. Y. B., Angeles, J. K. F., Bornilla, B. D. C., & Fabia, J. L. P. (2023). Factors affecting flood disaster preparedness and mitigation in flood-prone areas in the Philippines: An integration of protection motivation theory and theory of planned behavior. Sustainability, 15(8), 6657.
50. Jha, S., Martinez, A., Quising, P., Ardaniel, Z., & Wang, L. (2018). Natural disasters, public spending, and creative destruction: A case study of the Philippines (No. 817). ADBI Working Paper.
51. Borje, R. (2024). Climate change, tourism and their interconnected impacts. Daily Tribune [Online]. https://tribune.net.ph/2024/09/22/climate-change-tourism-and-their-interconnected-impacts
52. Liu, L. W., Pahrudin, P., Tsai, C. Y., & Hao, L. (2024). Disaster, Risk and Crises in Tourism and Hospitality Field: A Pathway Toward Tourism and Hospitality Management Framework for Resilience and Recovery Process. Natural Hazards Research.
53. Rosselló, J., Becken, S., & Santana-Gallego, M. (2020). The effects of natural disasters on international tourism: A global analysis. Tourism management, 79, 104080.
54. Yang, Y., Huang, S., Li, W., Zhong, F., & Lan, T. (2022). Does government efficiency mitigate the effect of natural disasters on tourist arrivals?. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(13), 2177-2191.
55. Sonmez, E. D., & Gokmenoglu, T. (2023). Understanding the teachers' disaster preparedness beliefs. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 85, 103511.
56. Şermet Kaya, Ş., & Erdoğan, E. G. (2024). Disaster management competence, disaster preparedness belief, and disaster preparedness relationship: Nurses after the 2023 Turkey earthquake. International Nursing Review.
57. Vildan, O. & Cengiz, E. (2020) Investigation of factors affecting disaster preparedness behaviors: a structural equality modeling. Gümü¸shane University Journal of Social Sciences, 12(3), 1252–1269.
58. Inal, E., & Dogan, N. (2018). Improvement of general disaster preparedness belief scale based on health belief model. Prehospital and disaster medicine, 33(6), 627-636.
59. Mousavi, M., Majidi, A., Shabahang, R., Besharat, M., Bagheri Sheykhangafshe, F., & Samiee, Z. (2020). The prediction of disaster nursing competency based on the self-efficacy and disaster-related experi-ences of nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Midwifery, 9(1), 582-590.
60. Safitri, R. M., & Sutiarso, S. (2023). Relationship between Self-Confidence and Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Learning: A Case of SMA Negeri 1 Sumberejo. Edumatica: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 13(02), 94-103.
61. Sutiyono, S., Suherman, S., & Burmansah, B. (2023). The Effect of Self-Concept and Self-Confidence on Students' Interpersonal Communication of Buddhist College. Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan, 7(6), 4117-4131.
62. Mulla, J. D. (2022). The Moderating Effects of Consumer Fintech Use, Financial Knowledge Confidence, and Financial Self-Efficacy on the Relationship between Financial Literacy and Millennial Saving Behavior (Doctoral dissertation, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte).
63. Villaflores, M. G. M. (2023). Level of Preparedness and Confidence of Graduating Education Students to Licensure Examination. Journal of Tertiary Education and Learning, 1(1), 1-8.
64. Maddux, J. E. (2016). Self-efficacy. In Interpersonal and intrapersonal expectancies (pp. 41-46). Routledge.
65. Inal, E., Altintas, K. H., & Dogan, N. (2018). The development of a general disaster preparedness belief scale using the health belief model as a theoretical framework. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 5(1), 146-158.
66. Kanakis, K., & McShane, C. (2016). Preparing for disaster: preparedness in a flood and cyclone prone community. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, The, 31(2), 18-24.
67. Grothmann, T., & Reusswig, F. (2006). People at risk of flooding: Why some residents take precautionary action while others do not. Natural hazards, 38, 101-120.
68. Labrague, L. J., Hammad, K., Gloe, D. S., McEnroe‐Petitte, D. M., Fronda, D. C., Obeidat, A. A.,. & Mirafuentes, E. C. (2018). Disaster preparedness among nurses: a systematic review of literature. International nursing review, 65(1), 41-53.
69. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
70. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating. W. Ross MacDonald School Resource Services Library.
71. Ivankova, N. V., & Creswell, J. W. (2009). Mixed methods. Qualitative research in applied linguistics: A practical introduction, 23, 135-161.
72. Nyimbili, F., & Nyimbili, L. (2024). Types of Purposive Sampling Techniques with Their Examples and Application in Qualitative Research Studies. British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies, 5(1), 90-99.
73. Nemoto, T., & Beglar, D. (2014, November). Likert-scale questionnaires. In JALT 2013 conference proceedings (Vol. 108, No. 1, pp. 1-6).
74. Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. K. (2015). Likert scale: Explored and explained. British journal of applied science & technology, 7(4), 396-403.
75. Bolarinwa, O. A. (2015). Principles and methods of validity and reliability testing of questionnaires used in social and health science researches. Nigerian postgraduate medical journal, 22(4), 195-201.
76. Anderson, A. S., Bell, A., Adamson, A., & Moynihan, P. (2002). A questionnaire assessment of nutrition knowledge–validity and reliability issues. Public health nutrition, 5(3), 497-503.
77. Mackison, D., Wrieden, W. L., & Anderson, A. S. (2010). Validity and reliability testing of a short questionnaire developed to assess consumers’ use, understanding and perception of food labels. European journal of clinical nutrition, 64(2), 210-217.
78. Chavez, J. V. (2022). Narratives of bilingual parents on the real-life use of English language: Materials for English language teaching curriculum. Arab World English Journals, 13(3).
79. Hardon, A., Hodgkin, C., & Fresle, D. (2004). How to investigate the use of medicines by consumers. In How to investigate the use of medicines by consumers (pp. 89-89).
80. Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2011). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data. Sage.
81. Chavez, J. V., Cuilan, J. T., & Adalia, H. G. (2024). Message patterns through discourse analysis on the concept of apology and forgiveness during Ramadan among college students practicing Islam. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(3).
82. Chavez, J. V., Lamorinas, D. D., & Ceneciro, C. C. (2023). Message patterns of online gender-based humor discriminatory practices biases stereotyping and disempowering tools through discourse analysis. In Forum for Linguistic Studies, 5(2), 1535-1535.
83. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
84. Shaw, R. (2010). Embedding reflexivity within experiential qualitative psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 7(3), 233-243.
85. Elmanaseer, W. R., Al-Omoush, S. A., Alamoush, R. A., Abu Zaghlan, R., & Alsoleihat, F. (2023). Dental Students’ Perception and Self‐Perceived Confidence Level in Key Dental Procedures for General Practice and the Impact of Competency Implementation on Their Confidence Level, Part I (Prosthodontics and Conservative Dentistry). International Journal of Dentistry, 2023(1), 2015331.
86. AlBattat, A. R., & Mat Som, A. P. (2013). Emergency preparedness for disasters and crises in the hotel industry. Sage Open, 3(3), 2158244013505604.
87. Ananda, N., & Hastini, H. (2023). A Study on Self-Confidence Impact of ELF Students’ Speaking. Journal of General Education and Humanities, 2(3), 237-246.
88. Saidah, S. (2024). The impact of students’ academic self-confidence on the English learning process in the post-pandemic era. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 12(1), 341-352.
89. Van Quang, N., & Thanh, N. H. (2023). Local government response capacity to natural disasters in the Central Highlands Provinces, Vietnam. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1-16.
90. Gürbüz, A., Abi, M., & Canlı, B. (2023). Students’ perceived cultural styles, second language communication, and confidence in communication. Journal of Business, Communication & Technology, 2(1), 13-25.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v9i11.3139
(61 Abstract Views, 43 PDF Downloads)
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marlon Dennis C. Ochoa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.