Comparison of flow experiencing in elite tennis players and certified project managers: A Czechoslovak study
Vol 9, Issue 5, 2024, Article identifier:
VIEWS - 282 (Abstract) 264 (PDF)
Abstract
The presented research article is focused on the issue of flow experiencing in elite tennis players and certified project managers. The primary goal of the research is to empirically identify whether there is a significant variance in flow experiencing between elite tennis players and certified project managers. To fulfill the goal of the research, a questionnaire survey is used among elite tennis players representing the Czech and Slovak Republics and certified project managers (IPMA, PMI, PRINCE2 certification). The research results showed that there is no significant variance between elite tennis players and certified project managers flow experiencing. This finding is important for the development of managerial skills of project managers who are trying to find the most effective way of using the flow phenomenon to achieve better work performance. After an overall evaluation of both theoretical and our empirical findings, we conclude that phenomenon flow is a dynamic and lively theoretical concept with the potential for further development in areas that are not currently the subject of further research into management use.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
1. Csikszentmihalyi M. Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York: Harper Perennial; 1991.
2. Csikszentmihalyi M, Hunter J. Happiness in everyday life: The uses of experience sampling. Journal of Happiness Studies 2003, 4(2): 185-199. doi: 10.1023/a: 1024409732742
3. Csikszentmihalyi M. Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday Life. New York: Basic Books; 1997.
4. Csikszentmihalyi M. Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology. Springer Netherlands, 2014. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8
5. Csikszentmihalyi M, Csikszentmihalyi IS. Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness. Cambridge University Press; 1992.
6. Csikszentmihalyi M, LeFevre J. Optimal experience in work and leisure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1989, 56(5): 815-822. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.56.5.815
7. Primeaux P, Vega G. Operationalizing Maslow: Religion and flow as business partners. Journal of Business Ethics 2002, 38(1/2): 97-108. doi: 10.1023/a: 1015733332183
8. Jackson SA. Toward a Conceptual Understanding of the Flow Experience in Elite Athletes. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 1996, 67(1): 76-90. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1996.10607928
9. Jackson SA, Csikszentmihalyi M. Flow in sports. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1999.
10. Goddard SG, Stevens CJ, Swann C. Exploring runners’ perspectives of potential strategies for flow interventions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2022, 35(3): 455-477. doi: 10.1080/10413200.2022.2046205
11. Wang CKJ, Demerin PAG. Relationship between self-determination theory and flow in the domain of sports and academics among student-athletes. Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2023, 3(2): 114-120. doi: 10.1016/j.ajsep.2023.08.003
12. Blachowska A, Waleriańczyk W, Stolarski M. Striving for a perfect flow: Testing the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism in trail runners. Personality and Individual Differences. 2023, 212: 112278. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112278
13. Chilton G. Art Therapy and Flow: A Review of the Literature and Applications. Art Therapy. 2013, 30(2): 64-70. doi: 10.1080/07421656.2013.787211
14. Zhang Q, Liu X, Li Z, et al. Multi-experiences in the art performance tourism: Integrating experience economy model with flow theory. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 2021, 38(5): 491-510. doi: 10.1080/10548408.2021.1952148
15. Rodríguez-Ardura I, Meseguer-Artola A. Imagine, feel “there”, and flow! Immersive experiences on m-Facebook, and their affective and behavioural effects. Information Technology & People. 2019, 32(4): 921-947. doi: 10.1108/itp-10-2017-0358
16. Smith MB, Koppes Bryan L, Vodanovich SJ. The counter-intuitive effects of flow on positive leadership and employee attitudes: Incorporating positive psychology into the management of organizations. The Psychologist-Manager Journal. 2012, 15(3): 174-198. doi: 10.1080/10887156.2012.701129
17. Zubair A, Kamal A. Work Related Flow, Psychological Capital, and Creativity Among Employees of Software Houses. Psychological Studies. 2015, 60(3): 321-331. doi: 10.1007/s12646-015-0330-x
18. Csikszentmihalyi M. Good business: Leadership, flow, and the making of meaning. Penguin; 2004.
19. Beard KS. Theoretically Speaking: An Interview with Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi on Flow Theory Development and Its Usefulness in Addressing Contemporary Challenges in Education. Educational Psychology Review. 2014, 27(2): 353-364. doi: 10.1007/s10648-014-9291-1
20. Yoo CW, Sanders GL, Cerveny RP. Exploring the influence of flow and psychological ownership on security education, training and awareness effectiveness and security compliance. Decision Support Systems. 2018, 108: 107-118. doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2018.02.009
21. Heutte J, Fenouillet F, Martin-Krumm C, et al. Proposal for a conceptual evolution of the flow in education (EduFlow) model. In: Proceedings of the 8th European conference on positive psychology (ECPP 2016). 2016.
22. Blažej A, Kostolanská K. Flow in sport: about building of a positive motivation in sport and in life (Czech). Praha: Grada Publishing; 2020.
23. Nakamura J, Csikszentmihalyi M. The Concept of Flow. Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology. Published online 2014: 239-263. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_16
24. Jackson SA, Marsh HW. Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Optimal Experience: The Flow State Scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 1996, 18(1): 17-35. doi: 10.1123/jsep.18.1.17
25. Jackson SA, Eklund R, Leatherman G. The flow scales manual. Publishers Graphics; 2004.
26. Rieber LP, Smith L, Noah D. The value of serious play. Educational Technology. 1998, 38(6): 29-37.
27. Asakawa K. Flow Experience and Autotelic Personality in Japanese College Students: How do they Experience Challenges in Daily Life? Journal of Happiness Studies. 2004, 5(2): 123-154. doi: 10.1023/b:johs.0000035915.97836.89
28. Bay RH. Effective team management (Czech). Praha: Grada; 2000.
29. Colman AM. A Dictionary of Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2015. doi: 10.1093/acref/9780199657681.001.0001
30. Macková Z. Sport as mental distraction: New trends in sport psychology (Czech). Univerzita Komenského. 2003.
31. Ghani JA. Flow in human-computer interactions: Test of a model. In: Human factors in information systems: Emerging theoretical bases. 1995. pp. 291-311.
32. Bederson BB. Interfaces for staying in the flow. Ubiquity. 2004, 2004(September): 1-1. doi: 10.1145/1029383.1074069
33. Dormashev Y, Osin EN. Flow Experience Explained on the Grounds of an Activity Approach to Attention. Effortless Attention. Published online April 9, 2010: 287-334. doi: 10.7551/mitpress/9780262013840.003.0014
34. Novak TP, Hoffman DL. Measuring the flow experience among web users. Interval Research Corporation. 1997, 31(1): 1-35.
35. Ghani JA, Supnick R, Rooney P. The experience of flow in computer-mediated and in face-to-face groups. 1991.
36. Ellis GD, Voelkl JE, Morris C. Measurement and Analysis Issues with Explanation of Variance in Daily Experience Using the Flow Model. Journal of Leisure Research. 1994, 26(4): 337-356. doi: 10.1080/00222216.1994.11969966
37. Dietrich A, Stoll O. Effortless Attention, Hypofrontality, and Perfectionism. Effortless Attention. Published online April 9, 2010: 159-178. doi: 10.7551/mitpress/8602.003.0008
38. Skadberg YX, Kimmel JR. Visitors’ flow experience while browsing a Web site: its measurement, contributing factors and consequences. Computers in Human Behavior. 2004, 20(3): 403-422. doi: 10.1016/s0747-5632(03)00050-5
39. Bočková K, Čepelová S. Exploring Personality Traits in Elite Sport Players and Associate with a Good Project Managers. Emerging Science Journal. 2023, 7(4): 1315-1331. doi: 10.28991/esj-2023-07-04-019
40. Liu S, Tenenbaum G. Research Methods in Sport and Exercise Psychology. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology. Published online November 20, 2018. doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.224
41. Csikszentmihalyi M, Larson R. Validity and Reliability of the Experience-Sampling Method. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1987, 175(9): 526-536. doi: 10.1097/00005053-198709000-00004
42. Rheinberg F, Vollmeyer R, Engeser S. Die Erfassung des Flow-Erlebens. In: Stiensmeier-Pelster J, Rheinberg F. (editors). Diagnostik von Motivation und Selbstkonzept. Hogrefe Verlag GmbH & Company KG;2003. pp. 261 - 279.
43. Elnes M, Sigmundsson H. The General Flow Proneness Scale: Aspects of Reliability and Validity of a New 13-Item Scale Assessing Flow. SAGE Open. 2023, 13(1): 215824402311538. doi: 10.1177/21582440231153850
44. Engeser S. Advances in Flow Research. Springer New York, 2012. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2359-1
45. Csikszentmihalyi M, Csikszentmihalyi M. Play and Intrinsic Rewards. Journal of Humanistic Psychology. 1975, 15(3): 41-63. doi: 10.1177/002216787501500306
46. Moneta GB. The Flow Model of Intrinsic Motivation in Chinese: Cultural and Personal Moderators. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2004, 5(2): 181-217. doi: 10.1023/b: johs.0000035916.27782.e4
47. Kotler S. The rise of superman: Decoding the science of ultimate human performance. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2014.
48. Massimini F, Carli M. The systematic assessment of flow in daily experience. Optimal Experience. Published online August 26, 1988: 266-287. doi: 10.1017/cbo9780511621956.016
49. Pecková N. Comparison of the state of flow in sports managers and managers of other professions [Master’s thesis]. Brno: Masaryk University. 2023.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54517/esp.v9i5.2159
(282 Abstract Views, 264 PDF Downloads)
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Kateřina Bočková, Dáša Porubčanová, Lívia Hasajová, Miron Zelina
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/