Open Journal Systems

The impact of emoji use on self-disclosure on social media: a literature review

Jian Liu, Wan Anita Wan Abas, Aini Azeqa Ma’rof

Article ID: 2985
Vol 9, Issue 9, 2024, Article identifier:

VIEWS - 112 (Abstract) 35 (PDF)

Abstract

This paper explores the multifaceted role of emojis in digital communication, particularly on social media platforms. Emojis, evolving from their inception in 1997 as pictorial symbols, have become integral to modern communication practices, transcending linguistic and cultural barriers. They facilitate nuanced expressions, emotional conveyance, and cultural representations, enriching interactions across diverse online environments. Drawing on the Uses and Gratifications Theory, this study examines how emojis fulfill specific user needs, enhance social interactions, and influence self-disclosure behaviors.


Keywords

emoji; self-disclosure; social media; Uses and Gratifications Theory(UGT); computer-mediated communication(CMC)

Full Text:

PDF



References

1. McCulloch G. Because internet: understanding how language is changing. Random House; 2019.

2. Berard B. I second that emoji: the standards, structures, and social production of emoji. First Monday. 2018; 23(9). doi: 10.5210/fm.v23i9.9381

3. Gao B, Wang X, Liu H. An empirical study on the communication and usage psychology of emoji in WeChat. Obm Neurobiology. 2022; 06(04): 1–18. doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204142

4. Laurenceau J-P, Barrett LF, Pietromonaco PR. Intimacy as an interpersonal process: The importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness in interpersonal exchanges. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1998; 74(5): 1238–1251. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1238

5. Manne SL, Kashy DA, Zaider T, Lee DI, Kim IY, Heckman CJ, Penedo FJ, Kissane DW, Virtue SM. Interpersonal processes and intimacy among men with localized prostate cancer and their partners. Journal of Family Psychology. 2018; 32(5): 664–675. doi: 10.1037/fam0000404

6. Baek TH, Kim S-E, Yoon S, Choi YK, Choi D, Bang H. Emojis and assertive environmental messages in social media campaigns. Internet Research. 2021; 32(3): 988–1002. doi: 10.1108/intr-11-2020-0638

7. Lin Y-H, Chu MG. Online communication self-disclosure and intimacy development on Facebook: The perspective of uses and gratifications theory. Online Information Review. 2021; 45(6): 1167–1187. doi: 10.1108/oir-08-2020-0329

8. Hossain Md M, Islam K, Masud AA, Hossain Md A, Jahan N. Antecedents and consequences of self-disclosure in subjective well-being: a facebook case with a social support mediator. Sage Open. 2023; 13(2). doi: 10.1177/21582440231179925

9. Ji E, Son LK, Kim MS. Emotion perception rules abide by cultural display rules: Koreans and Americans weigh outward emotion expressions (emoticons) differently. Experimental Psychology. 2022; 69(2): 83. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000550

10. Bromberg M, Welmans L, Lee C. Reading between the text(s): interpreting emoji and emoticons in the Australian criminal law context. New Criminal Law Review. 2020; 23(4): 655–686. doi: 10.1525/nclr.2020.23.4.655

11. Bai Q, Dan Q, Mu Z, Yang M. A systematic review of emoji: Current research and future perspectives. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019; 10. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02221

12. Liu C, Tan X, Zhou T, Zhang W, Liu J, Lu X. Emoji use in China: Popularity patterns and changes due to COVID-19. Applied Intelligence. 2022; 52(14): 16138–16148. doi: 10.1007/s10489-022-03195-y

13. Lin F. Positive or negative: emoji usage in online social media. 4th International Conference on Humanities Science, Management and Education Technology. 2019; 512–516.

14. Fakhry NAM. Employment of emoji in social awareness advertising campaigns. International Design Journal. 2021; 11(5): 49–60. doi: 10.21608/idj.2021.191678

15. Kannasto E, Laaksonen SM, Knuutila A. I You!-emojis as emotional-political signifiers in finnish election campaign discussion online.

16. Daniel TA, Camp AL. Emojis affect processing fluency on social media. Psychology of Popular Media. 2020; 9(2): 208–213. doi: 10.1037/ppm0000219

17. Pei J, Cheng L. Deciphering emoji variation in courts: A social semiotic perspective. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 2022; 9(1): 1–8. doi: 10.1057/s41599-022-01453-5

18. Yusoff Y, Hassan H. The impact of emoji on communication: An empirical study. International Journal of Communication. 2021; 15(1): 123–145.

19. Ifukor P. Linguistic marketing in “…a marketplace of ideas”: language choice and intertextuality in a Nigerian virtual community. Pragmatics and Society. 2011; 2(1): 110–147. doi: 10.1075/ps.2.1.06ifu

20. Sandell KL, Stewart RK, Stewart CK. Computer‐mediated communication in the classroom: Models for enhancing student learning. To Improve the Academy. 1996; 15(1): 59–74. doi: 10.1002/j.2334-4822.1996.tb00302.x

21. Hathorn LG, Ingram AL. Cooperation and collaboration using computer-mediated communication. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 2002; 26(3): 325–347. doi: 10.2190/7MKH-QVVN-G4CQ-XRDU

22. Favotto L, Michaelson V, Pickett W, Davison C. The role of family and computer-mediated communication in adolescent loneliness. Plos One. 2019; 14(6): e0214617. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214617

23. Santos LC d, Alencar NM M, Rodrigues JF, Gonçalves AC A, Trombete FM. Proposal of two facial scales using emojis as tools to understand emotions in research with Brazilian consumers. Acta Scientiarum Technology. 2022; 44: e56610. doi: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v44i1.56610

24. Shaikh NP, Mahar MH. Deep learning framework for classification of emoji based sentiments. Computers, Materials & Continua. 2022; 72(2): 3145–3158. doi: 10.32604/cmc.2022.024843

25. Illendula A, Manohar K, Yedulla MR. Which emoji talks best for my picture? IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI). 2018. doi: 10.1109/wi.2018.00-44

26. Al-Azani S, El-Alfy E-SM. Early and late fusion of emojis and text to enhance opinion mining. IEEE Access. 2021; 9: 121031–121045. doi: 10.1109/access.2021.3108502

27. Hayati SA, Chaudhary A, Otani N, Black AW. Dataset analysis and augmentation for emoji-sensitive irony detection. 2019. doi: 10.18653/v1/d19-5527

28. Chen S-C, Hsu C-L. Effects of uses and gratifications on social media use: the Facebook case with multiple mediator analysis. European Journal of Information. 2022; 31(3): 211–228. doi: 10.1108/EJIS-07-2021-0117

29. Kim Y, Jun JW. Factors affecting sustainable purchase intentions of SNS emojis: modeling the impact of self-presentation. Sustainability. 2020; 12(20): 8361. doi: 10.3390/su12208361

30. Riordan MA. Emojis as tools for emotion work: Communicating affect in text messages.Journal of Language and Social Psychology. 2017; 36(5): 549–567. doi: 10.1177/0261927x17704238

31. Bazarova NN, Choi YH. Self-disclosure in social media: Extending the functional approach to disclosure motivations and characteristics on social network sites. Journal of Communication. 2014; 64(4): 635–657. doi: 10.1111/jcom.12106

32. Ni S. How do privacy concerns affect consumers’ self-disclosure on social media? Proceedings of the 2023 7th International Seminar on Education, Management and Social Sciences (ISEMSS 2023)2023: 953–962. doi: 10.2991/978-2-38476-126-5_105

33. Poucher J, Prager KJ, Shirvani FK, Parsons J, Patel J. Intimacy, attachment to the partner, and daily well-being in romantic relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 2022; 39(6): 1574–1601. doi: 10.1177/02654075211060392

34. Jiang L, Bazarova NN, Hancock JT. The disclosure-intimacy link in computer-mediated communication: An attributional extension of the hyperpersonal model. Human Communication Research. 2010; 37(1): 58–77. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01393.x

35. Tidwell LC, Walther JB. Computer‐mediated communication effects on disclosure, impressions, and interpersonal evaluations: Getting to know one another a bit at a time. Human communication research. 2002; 28(3): 317–348. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2002.tb00811.x

36. Xu X, Liu J, Liu JH. The effect of social media environments on online emotional disclosure: Tie strength, network size and self-reference. Online Information Review. 2023; 48(2): 390–408. doi: 10.1108/oir-04-2022-0245

37. Choi JM, Shim S-H, Kim S. The power of emojis: the impact of a leader’s use of positive emojis on members’ creativity during computer-mediated communications. Plos One. 2023; 18(5): e0285368. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285368

38. Gesselman AN, Ta VP, Garcia JR. Worth a thousand interpersonal words: Emoji as affective signals for relationship-oriented digital communication. Plos One. 2019; 14(8): e0221297. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221297

39. Whiting A, Williams DL. Why people use social media: A uses and gratifications approach. Qualitative Market Research an International Journal. 2013; 16(4): 362–369. doi: 10.1108/qmr-06-2013-0041

40. Wong A, Chung S. Retaining consumer engagement in online retail brand communities. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management. 2022; 51(8): 1010–1026. doi: 10.1108/ijrdm-09-2021-0413

41. Katz E, Haas H, Gurevitch M. On the use of the mass media for important things. Am Sociol Rev. 1973: 164–181.

42. Ahmed AAM. “Sharing is caring”: online self-disclosure, offline social support, and social network site usage in the UAE. Contemporary Review of the Middle East. 2015; 2(3): 192–219. doi: 10.1177/2347798915601574

43. Varnali K, Toker A. Self-disclosure on social networking sites. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal. 2015; 43(1): 1–13. doi: 10.2224/sbp.2015.43.1.1

44. Park N, Jin B, Jin SA-A. Effects of self-disclosure on relational intimacy in Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior. 2011; 27(5): 1974–1983. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2011.05.004

45. Ge-Stadnyk J. Communicative functions of emoji sequences in the context of self-presentation: A comparative study of Weibo and Twitter users. Discourse Communication. 2021; 15(4): 369–387. doi: 10.1177/17504813211002038

46. Jeon HJ. The mechanism of empathy and relationship commitment through emojis: Path to perspective taking, inner imitation, emotional empathy, and relationship commitment. Sage Open. 2020; 10(4): 2158244020969675.

47. Kader MS, Kim S-E, Huang X. The effects of emoji on influencer advertising and temporal orientation on purchase intentions keywords: influencer advertising, emoji, temporal orientation, construal level. International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference Proceedings. 2020. doi: 10.31274/itaa.11948

48. Lotfinejad N, Tartari E, Sauser J, Fankhauser-Rodriguez C, Pires D, Pittet D. Are emojis ready to promote the WHO 5 moments for hand hygiene in healthcare? Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control. 2022; 11(1): 127. doi: 10.1186/s13756-022-01164-1

49. Patel PC, Rietveld CA. The impact of the public disclosure of curved inspection scores using emojis on hygiene violations in food establishments. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly. 2021; 62(4): 455–467. doi: 10.1177/1938965520935398


DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v9i9.2985
(112 Abstract Views, 35 PDF Downloads)

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Jian Liu, Wan Anita Wan Abas, Aini Azeqa Ma’rof

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.