Published
2025-04-26
Section
Research Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Yangyang, Ali Khatibi, Jacquline Tham

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The journal adopts the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), which means that anyone can reuse and redistribute the materials for non-commercial purposes as long as you follow the license terms and the original source is properly cited.
Author(s) shall retain the copyright of their work and grant the Journal/Publisher rights for the first publication with the work concurrently licensed since 2023 Vol.8 No.2.
Under this license, author(s) will allow third parties to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute and/or copy the content under the condition that the authors are given credit. No permission is required from the authors or the publisher.
This broad license intends to facilitate free access, as well as the unrestricted use of original works of all types. This ensures that the published work is freely and openly available in perpetuity.
By providing open access, the following benefits are brought about:
- Higher Visibility, Availability and Citations-free and unlimited accessibility of the publication over the internet without any restrictions increases citation of the article.
- Ease of search-publications are easily searchable in search engines and indexing databases.
- Rapid Publication – accepted papers are immediately published online.
- Available for free download immediately after publication at https://esp.as-pub.com/index.php/ESP

Copyright Statement
1.The authors certify that the submitted manuscripts are original works, do not infringe the rights of others, are free from academic misconduct and confidentiality issues, and that there are no disputes over the authorship scheme of the collaborative articles. In case of infringement, academic misconduct and confidentiality issues, as well as disputes over the authorship scheme, all responsibilities will be borne by the authors.
2. The author agrees to grant the Editorial Office of Environment and Social Psychology a licence to use the reproduction right, distribution right, information network dissemination right, performance right, translation right, and compilation right of the submitted manuscript, including the work as a whole, as well as the diagrams, tables, abstracts, and any other parts that can be extracted from the work and used in accordance with the characteristics of the journal. The Editorial Board of Environment and Social Psychology has the right to use and sub-licence the above mentioned works for wide dissemination in print, electronic and online versions, and, in accordance with the characteristics of the periodical, for the period of legal protection of the property right of the copyright in the work, and for the territorial scope of the work throughout the world.
3. The authors are entitled to the copyright of their works under the relevant laws of Singapore, provided that they do not exercise their rights in a manner prejudicial to the interests of the Journal.
About Licence
Environment and Social Psychology is an open access journal and all published work is available under the Creative Commons Licence, Authors shall retain copyright of their work and grant the journal/publisher the right of first publication, and their work shall be licensed under the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Under this licence, the author grants permission to third parties to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute and/or copy the content with attribution to the author. No permission from the author or publisher is required.
This broad licence is intended to facilitate free access to and unrestricted use of original works of all kinds. This ensures that published works remain free and accessible in perpetuity. Submitted manuscripts, once accepted, are immediately available to the public and permanently accessible free of charge on the journal’s official website (https://esp.as-pub.com/index.php/ESP). Allowing users to read, download, copy, print, search for or link to the full text of the article, or use it for other legal purposes. However, the use of the work must retain the author's signature, be limited to non-commercial purposes, and not be interpretative.
Click to download <Agreement on the Licence for the Use of Copyright on Environmental and Social Psychology>.
How to Cite
The impact of employee-oriented social responsibility on enterprise resilience mediated by employee psychological capital among small and medium enterprises
Yang yang
1 Hefei Technology College, Hefei, 230012, China 2 Post Graduate Centre, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, 40100, Malaysia
Ali Khatibi
Post Graduate Centre, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, 40100, Malaysia
Jacquline Tham
Post Graduate Centre, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, 40100, Malaysia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i4.3647
Keywords: employees; social responsibility; enterprise resilience; psychological capital
Abstract
In recent years, people have become increasingly interested in paying attention to employees' corporate social responsibility, while the resilience of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, has also received increasing attention. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of employee oriented social responsibility initiatives on enterprise resilience, as well as the mediating role of employee psychological capital. To achieve this goal, we collected data from employees of small and medium-sized enterprises. The article collected a total of 826 valid samples and conducted impact analysis using SPSS and AMOS software.The results showed that employee-oriented social responsibility enhances enterprise resilience for small and medium-sized enterprises, and employee psychological capital plays a mediating role between employee-oriented social responsibility and enterprises resilience
References
[1]. 1.Nauck, Fritz, & et al. (2021). The resilience imperative: Succeeding in uncertain times. Risk & Resilience Practice. Note: The title of the specific article within the publication is not provided, so the publication name is used.
[2]. 2.Guo, J., Chen, X., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Predicting and managing megaproject gray rhino risks with IF-ANP and DEMATEL based on panel data. Expert Systems with Applications, 208, 118243.
[3]. 3.Li, L. (2022). Research on the impact of social responsibility on corporate resilience . Henan University of Economics and Law.
[4]. 4.Hategan, C.-D., Sirghi, N., Curea-Pitorac, R.-I., & Hategan, V.-P. (2018). Doing well or doing good: The relationship between corporate social responsibility and profit in Romanian companies. Sustainability, 10(4), 1041.
[5]. 5.Harjoto, M., & Laksmana, I. (2018). The impact of corporate social responsibility on risk taking and firm value. Journal of Business Ethics, 151(2), 353–373.
[6]. 6.Huang, W., Chen, S., & Nguyen, L. T. (2020). Corporate social responsibility and organizational resilience to COVID-19 crisis: An empirical study of Chinese firms. Sustainability, 12(21), 8970.
[7]. 7.De Roeck, K., Marique, G., Stinglhamber, F., & Swaen, V. (2014). Understanding employees' responses to CSR: Mediating roles of overall justice and organizational identification. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(1), 91–112.
[8]. 8.Jones, D. A., Willness, C. R., & Glavas, A. (2017). When corporate social responsibility (CSR) meets organizational psychology: New frontiers in micro-CSR research, and fulfilling a quid pro quo through multilevel insights. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1–15.
[9]. 9.McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2011). Creating and capturing value: Strategic corporate social responsibility, resource-based theory, and sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 37(5), 1480-1495.
[10]. 10.Wang, H., Tong, L., Takeuchi, R., & George, G. (2016). Corporate social responsibility: An overview and new research directions: Thematic issue on corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management journal, 59(2), 534-544.
[11]. 11.Onkila, Tiina, & Sarna, Bhavesh. (2022). A systematic literature review on employee relations with CSR: State of the art and future research agenda. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29(2), 435-447.
[12]. 12.Liu, Q. L. (2013). A research on the relationship between corporate social responsibility for employees and employee satisfaction. Journal of Management, 31(1), 33–43.
[13]. 13.He, K. (2018). A study of the influence of the enterprise staff’s responsibilities on the organizational citizenship behavior of new generation staff. J. Manag, 31, 33-43.
[14]. 14.Yan, A.M., Shan, L. and Xu, T. (2017), “Research on the mechanism of employees’ perceived corporate social responsibility on voice behavior”, Soft Science, Vol. 31 No. 7, pp. 76-79, 88.
[15]. 15.Le, T. T., Quang, H., Hong, T., & Tran, K. (2021). The contribution of corporate social responsibility on SMEs performance in emerging country. Journal of Cleaner Production, 322, 129103.
[16]. 16.Botha, M. M. (2015). Responsibilities of companies towards employees. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal, 18(2), 1–67.
[17]. 17.Liu, B., Sun, P. Y., & Zeng, Y. (2020). Employee-related corporate social responsibilities and corporate innovation: Evidence from China. International Review of Economics & Finance, 70, 357–372.
[18]. 18.Spence, L. J. (2007). CSR and small business in a European policy context: The five "C"s of CSR and small business research agenda 2007. Business and Society Review, 112(4), 533-552.
[19]. 19.Sarfraz, M., Qun, W., Abdullah, M. I., & Alvi, A. T. (2018). Employees’ perception of corporate social responsibility impact on employee outcomes: Mediating role of organizational justice for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Sustainability, 10(8), 2429.
[20]. 20.Harney, B., & Dundon, T. (2006). Capturing complexity: developing an integrated approach to analysing HRM in SMEs. Human resource management journal, 16(1), 48-73.
[21]. 21.Sendlhofer, T. (2019). Decoupling from moral responsibility for CSR: Employees’ visionary procrastination at a SME. Journal of Business Ethics. Note: The specific article title within the journal is not provided, so the publication name is used.
[22]. 22.Jenkins, H. (2006). Small business champions for corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(3), 241–256.
[23]. 23.Fuller, T., & Tian, Y. (2006). Social and symbolic capital and responsible entrepreneurship: An empirical investigation of SME narratives. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(3), 287–304.
[24]. 24.Fassin, Y. (2008). SMEs and the fallacy of formalising CSR. Business Ethics: A European Review, 17(4), 368–378.
[25]. 25.Panwar, R., Nybakk, E., Hansen, E., & Pinkse, J. (2017). Does the business case matter? The effect of a perceived business case on small firms’ social engagement. Journal of Business Ethics, 144(3), 597-608.
[26]. 26.Fryzel, B., & Seppala, N. (2016). The effect of CSR evaluations on affective attachment to CSR in different identity orientation firms. Business Ethics: A European Review, 25(3), 310–326.
[27]. 27.Rodrigo, P., Aqueveque, C. O., & Duran, I. J. (2019). Do employees value strategic CSR? A tale of affective organizational commitment and its underlying mechanisms. Business Ethics: A European Review, 28(4), 459-475.
[28]. 28.Mao, J., He, A. M., Morrison, J., & Coca-Stefaniak, A. (2021). Effects of tourism CSR on employee psychological capital in the COVID-19 crisis: From the perspective of conservation of resources theory. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(19), 2716-2734.
[29]. 29.Randolph, R. V., Memili, E., Koç, B., Young, S. L., Yildirim-Oktem, Ö., & Sonmez, S. (2022). Innovativeness and corporate social responsibility in hospitality and tourism family firms: The role of family firm psychological capital. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 101, 103128.
[30]. 30.Rim, H., & Ferguson, M. A. T. (2020). Proactive versus reactive CSR in a crisis: An impression management perspective. International Journal of Business Communication, 57(4), 545–568.
[31]. 31.Cornell, B., & Shapiro, A. C. (1987). Corporate stakeholders and corporate finance. Financial Management, 16(1), 5–14.
[32]. 32.Chowdhury, H., Hodgson, A., & Hasan, M. M. (2022). Does a competitive external labour market affect corporate social responsibility? Evidence from industry tournament incentives. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 33, 100617.
[33]. 33.Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Beck, T. E., & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2011). Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 21(3), 243–255.
[34]. 34.Jones, D., & Kato, T. (1995). The productivity effects of employee stock-ownership plans and bonuses: Evidence from Japanese panel data. The American Economic Review, 85(3), 391–414.
[35]. 35.Rodríguez Sánchez Alma, Guinot Jacob, Chiva Ricardo, & et al. (2019). How to emerge stronger: Antecedents and consequences of organizational resilience. Journal of Management & Organization, 27(3), 1-18.
[36]. 36.Liu, Y. (2022). Research on the impact of social responsibility on corporate resilience. Dongbei University of Finance and Economics.
[37]. 37.Low Mei Peng, & Bu Maoliang. (2021). Examining the impetus for internal CSR practices with digitalization strategy in the service industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Business Ethics: A European Review, 31(1), 209-223.
[38]. 38.Fang, S., Prayag, G., Ozanne, L. K., & de Vries, H. (2020). Psychological capital, coping mechanisms and organizational resilience: Insights from the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake, New Zealand. Tourism Management Perspectives, 34, 207–218.
[39]. 39.Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2006). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. Oxford university press.
[40]. 40.Brammer, S., He, H., & Mellahi, K. (2015). Corporate social responsibility, employee organizational identification, and creative effort: The moderating impact of corporate ability. Group & Organization Management, 40(3), 323-352.
[41]. 41.Ciprian-Dumitru, S. (2013). How to deal with corporate social responsibility related to employees. Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series, 22(1), 1675–1681.
[42]. 42.Glavas, A., & Kelley, K. (2014). The effects of perceived corporate social responsibility on employee attitudes. Business Ethics Quarterly, 24(2), 165–202.
[43]. 43.[43]Papacharalampous, N., & Papadimitriou, D. (2021). Perceived corporate social responsibility and affective commitment: The mediating role of psychological capital and the impact of employee participation. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 32(3), 251-272.
[44]. 44.Coutu, D. L. (2002). How resilience works. Harvard Business Review, 80(5), 46–55.
[45]. 45.Safavi, H. P., & Bouzari, M. (2020). How can leaders enhance employees’ psychological capital? Mediation effect of person-group and person-supervisor fit. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33, 1–12.
[46]. 46.Mishra, P. (2017). Green human resource management: A framework for sustainable organizational development in an emerging economy. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 25(5), 762-788.
[47]. 47.Rizvi, Yasmeen Shamsi, & Nabi, Asma. (2023). Corporate social responsibility and psychological capital during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives from India. Social Responsibility Journal, 19(8), 1379-1396.
[48]. 48.Folke, C., Carpenter, S. R., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Chapin, T., & Rockström, J. (2010). Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society, 15(3), 253–267.
[49]. 49.Yang, Y., Lee, P. K., & Cheng, T. C. E. (2016). Continuous improvement competence, employee creativity, and new service development performance: A frontline employee perspective. International journal of production economics, 171, 275-288.
[50]. 50.Lu, J., Liang, M., Zhang, C., & et al. (2021). Assessment of corporate social responsibility by addressing sustainable development goals. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(2), 686-703.
[51]. 51.Tang, T. L. P., Ibrahim, A. H. S., & West, W. B. (2002). Effects of war-related stress on the satisfaction of human needs: The United States and the Middle East. International Journal of Management Theory and Practices, 3(1), 35-53.
[52]. 52.Mohammed, Abdul Alem, Ferraris, Alberto, & Troise, Ciro. (2022). CSR practices and creativity during the COVID-19 pandemic in the emerging market: Investigating the mediating effect of affective commitment. Management Decision, 60(10), 2669-2693.
[53]. 53.Magrizos, Solon, & et al. (2021). Is CSR the panacea for SMEs? A study of socially responsible SMEs during economic crisis. European Management Journal, 39(2), 291-303.
[54]. 54.Lechuga Sancho, M. P., Larrán Jorge, M., & Herrera Madueño, J. (2021). Design and validation of an instrument of measurement for corporate social responsibility practices in small and medium enterprises. Social Responsibility Journal, 17(8), 1150-1174.
[55]. 55.Pathak, D., & Joshi, G. (2021). Impact of psychological capital and life satisfaction on organizational resilience during COVID-19: Indian tourism insights. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(17), 2398-2415.
[56]. 56.Zhang, X., and Teng, X. (2021). The connotation, dimensions and measurement of organizational resilience. Sci. Technol. Progr. Policy 38, 9–17.
[57]. 57.Waithe, M. (2018). The importance of CSR to small businesses, start-ups. Retrieved December 13, 2018,from https://newsday.co.tt/2018/12/13/the-importance-of-csr-to-small-businesses-start-ups






