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Social and organizational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia
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Home > Archives > Vol. 10 No. 12 (2025): Publishing > Research Articles
ESP-4111

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2025-12-10

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Vol. 10 No. 12 (2025): Publishing

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Research Articles

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Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed Abdul Jaleel Maktoof, Eman Naji Abdulmajeed, Azhar Abdul-Hussein Abdullah Mahmoud, Noor Sabah Abd-Al Latif Jasim, Intesar Abbas

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Mohammed Abdul Jaleel Maktoof, Eman Naji Abdulmajeed, Azhar Abdul-Hussein Abdullah Mahmoud, Noor Sabah Abd-Al Latif Jasim, & Intesar Abbas. (2025). Data Sovereignty in Environmental Monitoring and Geosciences with Legal and Trade Implications. Environment and Social Psychology, 10(12), ESP-4111. https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i12.4111
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Data Sovereignty in Environmental Monitoring and Geosciences with Legal and Trade Implications

Mohammed Abdul Jaleel Maktoof

Al-Turath University, Baghdad 10013, Iraq

Eman Naji Abdulmajeed

Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad 10067, Iraq

Azhar Abdul-Hussein Abdullah Mahmoud

Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad 10067, Iraq

Noor Sabah Abd-Al Latif Jasim

intesar.a.abbas@mauc.edu.iq

Intesar Abbas

Madenat Alelem University College, Baghdad 10006, Iraq


DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i12.4111


Keywords: data sovereignty, environmental monitoring, geospatial analytics, climate data governance, data localization, trade law, cybersecurity, blockchain, AI compliance


Abstract

The governance of environmental data is increasingly defined by data-sovereignty laws, trade agreements, and regulatory frameworks that restrict geospatial analytics, climate modeling, and biodiversity research. Although many states adopt data-localization policies to protect national security and economic interests, the study shows that such rules are incompatible with global environmental cooperation and scientific sustainability, generating measurable empirical impacts rather than merely conceptual challenges. This study uses a mixed-method approach that includes legal case analysis, trade dispute review, scientific literature synthesis, and expert consultations, and synthesizes findings from scientific reports and expert interviews to maintain methodological transparency.

The empirical findings demonstrate that data localization substantially increases compliance costs, delays environmental research, and weakens global climate-monitoring capabilities. These results reveal that fragmented sovereignty regimes, driven by national security claims, economic protectionism, and institutional constraints, directly impede the availability, timeliness, and interoperability of environmental data across borders. The study’s novelty lies in its integration of legal, trade, technological, and behavioral dimensions, addressing gaps left by previous literature that isolated these domains.

The article presents evidence-based policy pathways, showing that a tiered governance model, distinguishing between sensitive domestic datasets and globally shareable environmental information, offers a realistic mechanism for balancing sovereignty with scientific cooperation. Complementary AI-driven compliance tools and blockchain-enabled auditability provide additional support for secure and transparent data exchange when embedded into existing legal structures rather than used as stand-alone technological solutions. These combined approaches demonstrate how harmonized data-governance frameworks can prevent sovereignty rules from undermining environmental research and global climate action.


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