Published
2025-06-30
Section
Research Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jumil J. Alcasoda, OFM, Anesito L. Cutillas, Rachelle O. Sabella, Rhea Jane L. Caynila, Korina Jean M. Regis

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The journal adopts the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), which means that anyone can reuse and redistribute the materials for non-commercial purposes as long as you follow the license terms and the original source is properly cited.
Author(s) shall retain the copyright of their work and grant the Journal/Publisher rights for the first publication with the work concurrently licensed since 2023 Vol.8 No.2.
Under this license, author(s) will allow third parties to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute and/or copy the content under the condition that the authors are given credit. No permission is required from the authors or the publisher.
This broad license intends to facilitate free access, as well as the unrestricted use of original works of all types. This ensures that the published work is freely and openly available in perpetuity.
By providing open access, the following benefits are brought about:
- Higher Visibility, Availability and Citations-free and unlimited accessibility of the publication over the internet without any restrictions increases citation of the article.
- Ease of search-publications are easily searchable in search engines and indexing databases.
- Rapid Publication – accepted papers are immediately published online.
- Available for free download immediately after publication at https://esp.as-pub.com/index.php/ESP

Copyright Statement
1.The authors certify that the submitted manuscripts are original works, do not infringe the rights of others, are free from academic misconduct and confidentiality issues, and that there are no disputes over the authorship scheme of the collaborative articles. In case of infringement, academic misconduct and confidentiality issues, as well as disputes over the authorship scheme, all responsibilities will be borne by the authors.
2. The author agrees to grant the Editorial Office of Environment and Social Psychology a licence to use the reproduction right, distribution right, information network dissemination right, performance right, translation right, and compilation right of the submitted manuscript, including the work as a whole, as well as the diagrams, tables, abstracts, and any other parts that can be extracted from the work and used in accordance with the characteristics of the journal. The Editorial Board of Environment and Social Psychology has the right to use and sub-licence the above mentioned works for wide dissemination in print, electronic and online versions, and, in accordance with the characteristics of the periodical, for the period of legal protection of the property right of the copyright in the work, and for the territorial scope of the work throughout the world.
3. The authors are entitled to the copyright of their works under the relevant laws of Singapore, provided that they do not exercise their rights in a manner prejudicial to the interests of the Journal.
About Licence
Environment and Social Psychology is an open access journal and all published work is available under the Creative Commons Licence, Authors shall retain copyright of their work and grant the journal/publisher the right of first publication, and their work shall be licensed under the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Under this licence, the author grants permission to third parties to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute and/or copy the content with attribution to the author. No permission from the author or publisher is required.
This broad licence is intended to facilitate free access to and unrestricted use of original works of all kinds. This ensures that published works remain free and accessible in perpetuity. Submitted manuscripts, once accepted, are immediately available to the public and permanently accessible free of charge on the journal’s official website (https://esp.as-pub.com/index.php/ESP). Allowing users to read, download, copy, print, search for or link to the full text of the article, or use it for other legal purposes. However, the use of the work must retain the author's signature, be limited to non-commercial purposes, and not be interpretative.
Click to download <Agreement on the Licence for the Use of Copyright on Environmental and Social Psychology>.
How to Cite
Supervision strategies in managing stress of instructors due to inevitable academic overloads and pressures
Jumil J. Alcasoda, OFM
School Director, Saint Francis College Guihulngan, Negros Oriental Incorporated, Guihulngan City, 6214, Negros Oriental, Philippines
Anesito L. Cutillas
College of Arts and Sciences & Education; Director, Center for Social Innovations, Cebu Technological University – Argao Campus, Argao,Cebu,6021,Philippines
Rachelle O. Sabella
College of Arts and Sciences, Cebu Technological University - Argao Campus, Argao, Cebu, 6021, Philippines
Rhea Jane L. Caynila
College of Arts and Sciences, Cebu Technological University - Argao Campus, Argao, Cebu, 6021, Philippines
Korina Jean M. Regis
College of Arts and Sciences, Cebu Technological University - Argao Campus, Argao, Cebu, 6021, Philippines
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3824
Keywords: Supervision; Strategies, Stress; Instructors
Abstract
This study underscores the importance of responsive academic supervision in addressing stress caused by academic overload among instructors, particularly within resource-constrained higher education settings. Faculty benefit from a combination of workload accommodations, emotional support, and open communication, all of which contribute to greater resilience and job satisfaction. While many supervisory practices were seen as supportive, participants also identified gaps between institutional rhetoric and meaningful structural change. This highlights the need for sustained efforts to align faculty well-being initiatives with concrete policy adjustments. The study contributes to a growing body of literature on faculty stress management by presenting context-specific supervisory strategies relevant to regional institutions. It also underscores the need for leadership approaches that are both empathetic and systemically supported. Future research may explore how these findings apply across diverse institutional types and examine how supervisory practices evolve under emerging pressures such as digitalization, accreditation demands, and shifting student expectations.
References
[1]. 1.Kyriacou, C. (2001). Teacher stress: Directions for future research. Educational Review, 53(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910120033628
[2]. 2.Winefield, A. H., Gillespie, N., Stough, C., Dua, J., Hapuarachchi, J., & Boyd, C. (2003). Occupational stress in Australian university staff: Results from a national survey. International Journal of Stress Management, 10(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.10.1.51
[3]. 3.Karasek, R. A., & Theorell, T. (1990). Healthy work: Stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life. Basic Books.
[4]. 4.Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. B. (2014). Job demands-resources theory. In P. Y. Chen & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Work and wellbeing (Vol. III, pp. 37–64). WileyBlackwell.
[5]. 5.Chavez, J.V. (2020). Academic and Health Insecurities of Indigent Students during Pandemic: Study on Adaptive Strategies under Learning Constraints. Journal of Multidisciplinary in Social Sciences, 16(3), 74-81.
[6]. 6.Mingoa, R. (2017). Work stress among Filipino educators: Implications of heavy workloads in public schools. Philippine Journal of Education, 18(3), 200–218.
[7]. 7.Rivera, M. (2018). Chronic stress and its health impacts among Filipino teachers. Philippine Health Journal, 22(1), 10–17.
[8]. 8.Embang, Z., Rivera, M., & David, B. (2022). Work-related stress, workloads, and performance: A case of senior high school teachers. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 6(4), 45–60.
[9]. 9.Baluyos, E. B., Sarabia, J. A., & Collantes, E. P. (2019). Effects of stressmanagement seminars on productivity and burnout among Filipino teachers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 45(2), 123–137.
[10]. 10.Chavez JV, Del Prado R, Estoque M. (2023). Disrupted income of women educators during pandemic: Economic effects, adaptive strategies, and government recovery initiatives. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 7(2), 1973.
[11]. 11.Chavez JV, Gregorio MW, Araneta AL, Bihag CD. (2024). Magna carta for women health workers, teachers, and minimum-wage earners in the workplace: Policy awareness and organizational compliance. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(1), 1735.
[12]. 12.Chavez JV., W. Gregorio AM, Araneta AL, et al. (2024). Self-initiated protection behavior based on Magna Carta of women: Women health workers, teachers, and minimum-wage earners in the workplace. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(7), 2363.
[13]. 13.Castro FLT, Ventura BLO, Estajal RS, et al. (2024). Teachers handling multiple subject areas: difficulties and adaptive attributes in the delivery of instructions. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(9), 2520.
[14]. 14.Dagoy THS, Ariban AI, Chavez JV, et al. (2024). Discourse analysis on the teachers' professional interest and integrity among teachers with multiple administrative functions. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(12), 2521.
[15]. 15.Eby, L. T., Allen, T. D., Evans, S. C., Ng, T., & DuBois, D. L. (2008). Does mentoring matter? A multidisciplinary meta-analysis comparing mentored and non-mentored individuals. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 72(2), 254–267.
[16]. 16.Anurat, K., Thamyongkit, S., Pakakasama, S., & Sumrithe, S. (2024). Assessing the role of mentors in mitigating burnout and enhancing professional development in medical education. International Journal of Medical Education, 15, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.659b.d08c
[17]. 17.Bruria, A., Maya, S. T., Gadi, S., & Orna, T. (2022). Impact of emergency situations on resilience at work and burnout of Hospital's healthcare personnel. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 76, 102994.
[18]. 18.Savellon KIS, Asiri MS, Chavez JV. (2024). Public speaking woes of academic leaders: resources and alternative ways to improve speaking with audience. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(9), 2871.
[19]. 19.Chavez JV, Anuddin FO, Mansul HH, et al. (2024). Analyzing impacts of campus journalism on student’s grammar consciousness and confidence in writing engagements. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(7), 6106.
[20]. 20.Mundo MAD, Reyes EFD, Gervacio EM. (2024). Discourse analysis on experience-based position of science, mathematics, and Tech-Voc educators on generative AI and academic integrity. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(8), 3028.
[21]. 21.Inoferio HV, Espartero MM, Asiri MS, et al. (2024). Coping with math anxiety and lack of confidence through AI-assisted learning. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(5), 2228.
[22]. 22.Barkhuizen, N., Rothmann, S., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2014). Burnout and work engagement of academics in higher education institutions: Effects of dispositional optimism. Stress and Health, 30(4), 322–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2520
[23]. 23.Naevaez, J., Jarquin, V., Cruz, M., Ortiz, J., & Martínez, A. (2024). Study of factors of prevalence of burnout syndrome among higher education faculty in Latin America. Revista Amazonia Investiga. https://doi.org/10.34069/ai/2024.84.12.4
[24]. 24.Kinman, G., & Wray, S. (2018). Work-related wellbeing in UK higher education: Policy recommendations. Education Support Partnership. https://www.educationsupport.org.uk
[25]. 25.Chavez, J., & Lamorinas, D. D. (2023). Reconfiguring assessment practices and strategies in online education during the pandemic. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 10(1), 160-174.
[26]. 26.Blackmore, J. (2014). Academic work, management and governance: A gendered analysis of restructuring. In B. Cunningham, Y. Ryan, & A. Miller (Eds.), Transforming the academy: Essays on the reform of higher education (pp. 123–142). Routledge.
[27]. 27.Marginson, S. (2016). The dream is over: The crisis of Clark Kerr’s California idea of higher education. University of California Press.
[28]. 28.Murro RA, Lobo JG, Inso ARC, Chavez JV. (2023). Difficulties of parents with low educational attainment in assisting their children in modular distance learning during pandemic. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(1), 1957.
[29]. 29.Gmelch, W. H., & Gates, G. S. (1998). The impact of personal, professional, and organizational characteristics on administrator burnout. Journal of Educational Administration, 36(2), 146–159. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578239810204384
[30]. 30.Blix, A. G., Cruise, R. J., Mitchell, B. M., & Blix, G. G. (1994). Occupational stress among university teachers. Educational Research, 36(2), 157–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/0013188940360205
[31]. 31.Al-Mahdy, Y., Al-Harthi, A., & El-Din, N. (2022). The effect of leadership support on commitment to change and turnover intention in Omani higher education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 47, 324 - 337. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2022.2124367
[32]. 32.Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2004). Areas of worklife: A structured approach to organizational predictors of job burnout. Research in Occupational Stress and Well-being, 3, 91–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1479-3555(03)03003-8
[33]. 33.Chavez, J.V. (2022). Narratives of Bilingual Parents on the Real-Life Use of English Language: Materials for English Language Teaching Curriculum. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Volume 13. Number3. September 2022 Pp.325-338 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol13no3.21
[34]. 34.Ingersoll, R., & Strong, M. (2011). The impact of induction and mentoring programs for beginning teachers: A critical review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 81(2), 201–233. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654311403323
[35]. 35.Bush, T. (2013). Instructional leadership and leadership for learning: Global and contextual perspectives. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 41(1), 3–4. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143212468359
[36]. 36.Kinman, G., Wray, S., & Strange, C. (2015). Emotional labour, burnout and job satisfaction in UK teachers: The role of workplace social support. Educational Psychology, 31(7), 843–856. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2010.508234
[37]. 37.Vacchi, O., Menis, D., Scarpis, E., et al. (2024). Stress management: how does the academic staff cope with it? A cross-sectional study at the University of Udine. BMC Public Health, 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18935-7
[38]. 38.Winefield, A. H., & Jarrett, R. (2001). Occupational stress in university staff. International Journal of Stress Management, 8(4), 285–298. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017513615818
[39]. 39.Chavez JV, Adalia HG., and Alberto JP. (2023). Parental support strategies and motivation in aiding their children learn the English language. Forum for Linguistic Studies, 5(2), 1541.
[40]. 40.Boyd, C. M., Bakker, A. B., Pignata, S., et al. (2011). A longitudinal test of the job demands-resources model among university academics. Applied Psychology, 60(1), 112–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2010.00423.x
[41]. 41.Taris, T. W., Schreurs, P. J. G., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). Construct validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey: A two-sample examination. Work & Stress, 13(3), 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/026783799296200
[42]. 42.Kwasu, E., Ombui, K., & Siele, E. (2024). The Effect of Wellness Programs on Employee Performance at The Technical University of Kenya. East African Journal of Business and Economics. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.7.2.2274
[43]. 43.Adalia, H.G., Chavez, J.V., Hayudini, M.A.A., et al., 2025. Relevance of Grammar among Gen Z College Students Using Social Learning Perspectives. Forum for Linguistic Studies. 7(3): 432–450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v7i3.8401
[44]. 44.Tsotetsi, C., & Onaolapo, A. (2024). A model to reconstruct lecturer dilemma in balancing research and teaching responsibilities. Interdisciplinary Journal of Rural and Community Studies. https://doi.org/10.38140/ijrcs-2024.vol6.04
[45]. 45.Kinman, G., & Jones, F. (2008). A life beyond work? Job demands, work-life balance, and wellbeing in UK academics. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 17(1-2), 41-60.






