Vol. 10 No. 6 (2025): Publishing

Open Access

Research Articles

ESP-3517

Fifty shades of ambivalence: South African student leaders’ belonging experiences as indigenous foreigners within higher education

by Dr. Neo Pule, Mr. Vuyani Muleya, Prof. Aden-Paul Flotman

2025,10(6); 55 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3517

Abstract The transformation of South African universities is complex because of the intersections of social, historical, political, cultural, and economic circumstances. Due to the transformation mandate, universities engage student leaders in co-governance to facilitate collaborative efforts toward establishing a sense of belonging for student leaders. However, the complexity of the environment and the transformation task create discrepancies that affect student leaders' sense of belonging. Therefore, this article explores South African student leaders' sense of belonging in the university, using socioanalysis. We gathered verbal and visual data through social dream drawing with student leaders to present an account of their conscious and unconscious lived experiences of belonging. We used thematic analysis to organize the identified themes and sub-themes and interpreted them using a socio-analytic understanding. The findings suggest that student leaders experience belonging paradoxically as “indigenous foreigners” in higher education, but also ambivalently, hence the reference to Fifty shades of ambivalence in the title. They perceive membership dynamics in various ways: as fluid belonging, with strings attached, as complicated bonding, and as the paradoxical dance between dominance and submission, as well as connecting to shades of legacies and patrimony. We argue that learning about student leaders' sense of belonging through social dream drawing enhances their leadership agency and facilitates a co-productive, collaborative, and active participation strategy. This process strengthens co-governance practices on multi-relational levels and multiple domains of belonging. Thus, dynamically understanding student leaders' sense of belonging produces positive outcomes for academic structures and integration processes through innovative student engagement.

Open Access

Research Articles

Abstract

ESP-3698

Work-leisure conflict and job burnout in the hospitality industry: The buffering effects of psychological resilience and detachment

by Hazem Ahmed Khairy, Wagih M. E. Salama, Mohamed Ahmed Suliman, Moustafa Hassanin, Amina Ali Mansour, Eman Salah Elkhamy

2025,10(6); 71 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3698

Abstract This study examines the impact of work-leisure conflict on job burnout among hotel employees, with a particular focus on the moderating roles of psychological resilience and psychological detachment. Data were collected from 390 full-time employees working at five-star hotels in the Greater Cairo region, Egypt. PLS-SEM was conducted to analyze the data and test the study hypotheses using WarpPLS version 7. The results revealed that work-leisure conflict has a significant positive effect on job burnout, indicating that employees facing higher levels of work-leisure conflict are more prone to burnout. Furthermore, the study found that both psychological detachment and psychological resilience play significant buffering roles, weakening the relationship between work-leisure conflict and job burnout. These findings highlight the importance of fostering psychological resilience and promoting effective psychological detachment strategies to mitigate the negative effects of work-leisure conflict in the hospitality industry. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of work-leisure balance in high-pressure work environments and provides practical implications for improving employee well-being and performance in the hospitality sector.

Open Access

Research Articles

Abstract

ESP-3771

From course experience to innovation capability: A dual mediation analysis of student engagement and learning motivation in modular teaching

by Jinyan Sun, Tsang kai Chang

2025,10(6); 86 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3771

Abstract This study examines how learning experiences shape the development of students’ creative competencies through the dual mediating roles of academic engagement and motivational factors. Focusing on students from the Department of Art and Design at a vocational and technical college in China, the study adopts purposive sampling to gather 287 valid responses. A structured questionnaire was designed encompassing four latent constructs: instructional quality, participation, drive to learn, and creative capacity. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to evaluate the model and test mediation effects. Results reveal no significant direct influence of instructional experiences on students' creative outcomes. However, indirect effects were observed via full mediation by academic engagement and partial mediation by motivation. The model explains 56.8% of the variance in the outcome variable (R² = 0.568) and achieves a strong model fit (GoF = 0.657). These findings emphasize the interplay between instructional design and internal psychological mechanisms, offering insights for pedagogical strategies and theory-building in creative education domains.

Open Access

Research Articles

Abstract

ESP-3800

Retirement from elite sports: Key factors shaping athletes' transition to post-sport life in the Czech Republic

by Kateřina Bočková, David Anthony Procházka, Juraj Lovásik, Jana Horná

2025,10(6); 37 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3800

Abstract This study, as part of the research work within the EEIG EU/P-Kr/06.12/23 project Are Elite Athletes Good Project Managers?, focusses on the process of elite sports career termination and the subsequent adaptation of athletes to post-sport life. The objective is to identify key factors that influence this transition and to analyse their impact on the quality of life of former elite athletes in the Czech Republic. Materials and Methods: The research is based on a previous study made by Kadlčík [1] and uses a sequential mixed-methods design that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the first phase, semi-structured interviews with 20 former elite athletes provided a deeper understanding of the issue. Based on these insights and international studies, two hypotheses were formulated for the second phase, in which 200 respondents were surveyed using a standard questionnaire. Results: The findings indicate that planned and voluntary career termination is positively correlated with successful adaptation. Key facilitating factors include transferable skills and effective coping strategies. Conversely, a strong athletic identity and nonacceptance of career termination acted as barriers. Conclusion: An adaptation to post-sport life is a highly individual process influenced by a wide range of variables. The study highlights the need for targeted support for athletes during this transition, highlighting the development of transferable skills and psychological preparation.

Open Access

Research Articles

Abstract

ESP-3460

Building confidence and updated mindset of science and tech teachers through professional development training techniques in the science-industry settings

by Anesito L. Cutillas, Clifford John B. Orquia, Fritz D. Bacalso, Francis E. Villamor, Cyre P. Paclipan

2025,10(6); 14 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3460

Abstract This research explores the impact of industry-based professional development on science and technology educators’ confidence and mindset. The study, conducted in the Central Visayas, Philippines, involved 25 experienced science teachers with at least six years of teaching experience. Through structured interviews and open-ended surveys, the research aimed to understand how exposure to industry practices influences teaching methods, curriculum planning, and educators’ professional growth. The findings underscore the moderately significant role of industry-based professional development in improving science and technology education in the Philippine context. This study contributes to educational reform by presenting how these experiences build instructional confidence, enhance curriculum relevance, and foster interdisciplinary teaching strategies, particularly in developing nations. The study also supports psychological theories such as social facilitation highlighting increased teacher performance through peer and expert interaction and schema change, which explains how teachers reconstructed their prior knowledge through industry exposure. These theoretical lenses helped interpret the shifts in mindset, confidence, and instructional behavior.

Open Access

Research Articles

Abstract

ESP-3600

Childhood experiences as potential pathways to filicide offending

by Sifiso Shabangu, Melanie Moen

2025,10(6); 51 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3600

Abstract Unfortunately, the act of killing one’s child, known as filicide, is a historical part of the human experience. Although studies of first-hand accounts from filicide offenders have been conducted and provide invaluable information for understanding and mitigating filicide, researchers often focus on the adult life experiences of these filicidal parents. Information on the childhood experiences of filicide offenders is typically lacking, which hinders prevention efforts, particularly as such experiences are linked to adult health and behavioural outcomes, including physical abuse and filicide. To address this gap, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 parents incarcerated for filicide across five correctional centres in eSwatini. A thematic analysis of the data revealed that the childhoods of filicide offenders in eSwatini are characterized by several adverse childhood experiences. Six themes emerged: absent or unstable relationships with biological parents, exposure to abuse and violence, economic hardship and its consequences, alcohol abuse and exposure, socio-cultural influences during childhood, and supportive parental figures. There is a need to provide communities with resources such as mental health services, fatherhood support programs, and education on non-violent forms of discipline to break the cycles of violence and abuse. All ecologies should work together to establish community-based childcare spaces so that young mothers do not have to sacrifice their education. We, therefore, propose intervening in childhood to mitigate adversities, as they are likely to serve as pathways to filicide.

Open Access

Research Articles

Abstract

ESP-3737

The impact of perceived inclusive leadership of teachers on innovative behavior among vocational college students in China: The mediating role of psychological safety

by Yujian Lu, Man Jiang, Manli Feng, Junwei Zhang

2025,10(6); 15 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3737

Abstract This study aims to explore the impact of teacher inclusive leadership on the innovative behavior of vocational college students in Guangdong Province, China, and to examine the mediating role of psychological safety in this process. A questionnaire survey was employed, targeting four vocational colleges in Guangdong Province. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed, with 487 valid responses collected. The results show that there are significant differences in innovation behavior among vocational college students in Guangdong Province based on gender and grade. Students’ perceptions of teacher inclusive leadership have a significant positive impact on their innovative behavior. Such perception also has a significant positive impact on students’ psychological safety. Psychological safety significantly and positively affects students’ innovative behavior. Furthermore, psychological safety plays a significant mediating role between perceived teacher inclusive leadership and innovative behavior.

Open Access

Research Articles

Abstract

ESP-3795

How big data capabilities drive breakthrough development of enterprises: A mechanism study based on the perspective of social psychology

by Yunfei Han, Xiugang Yang

2025,10(6); 53 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3795

Abstract Despite the explosive growth of the global big data market reaching $327.26 billion in 2023, a critical implementation paradox emerges: only 26% of organizations successfully translate technological investments into breakthrough development outcomes, while 74% struggle to scale value from their analytics initiatives. This performance gap persists because existing research predominantly focuses on technical aspects while neglecting psychological and organizational mechanisms—particularly innovation climate factors that remain underexplored due to overemphasis on technological determinism. We purpose and test how big data capabilities drive breakthrough development through psychological and organizational mechanisms, integrating social cognitive theory with resource-based view to examine the mediating roles of supplier management and quality management, and the moderating effect of innovation climate. Structural equation modeling analyzed data from 632 Chinese enterprises across manufacturing, service, and technology sectors. Bootstrap procedures with 5,000 resamples examined mediation effects, while moderated mediation analysis tested conditional indirect effects. Big data capabilities demonstrated a significant direct effect on breakthrough development (β = 0.402, p < 0.001), explaining substantial variance (R² = 0.58). Supplier management (β = 0.197) and quality management (β = 0.167) served as significant partial mediators, collectively accounting for 47.6% of the total effect. Most critically, innovation climate emerged as a powerful moderator creating a remarkable 127% performance amplification between high and low climate conditions while strengthening both mediation pathways. The findings demonstrate that breakthrough development requires integration of technological capabilities with organizational mechanisms and psychological climate factors, providing a comprehensive framework for digital transformation success.

Open Access

Research Articles

Abstract

ESP-3306

Quality of life among retired people in Gauteng Province of South Africa: Assessing the role of socio-demographic factors

by Doreen Seff-Bin-Mubarak, Mokoena Patronella Maepa

2025,10(6); 33 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3306

Abstract Introduction: The retirement period can be filled with mixed emotions for the retiree. Some of the challenges associated with retirement include socioeconomic factors and quality of life (QoL). The study comprised of a population of retired women (n = 94, 37.6%) and men (n = 156, 62.4%). This study aims to explore the role played by socio-demographic factors on the quality of life among retired people in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Methods: a quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive design was adopted. Data was collected telephonically, paper-based, and online from 250 retirees who were 60 years of age and above and were sampled using snowball sampling through their social networks. Participants were recruited in Gauteng province, South Africa in 2020. Multiple regression analysis was utilised to test the influence of socio-demographic factors on the quality of life of participants. Results: The results revealed that age, have dependents, and needed care or support in the last 12 months jointly contributed about 24% (R2 = .240), R = .490 (Adjusted R2 =.218), F (4, 179) = 11.233, p < .001) to the variance in QOL. Independently, age (β = -.216 t = -2.864, p < .005), have dependents (β = -.196, t = -2.928, p < .004), and need care or support in the last 12 months (β = -.240, t = -3.219, p < .002) contributed significantly and negatively to QOL. Conclusions: The results concluded that socio-demographic factors influence the QOL of retired people. The practical implications of these findings highlight the importance of targeted support for older retirees, particularly those over 70, those with dependents, and those requiring care. Future research should incorporate longitudinal studies to explore how QOL changes over retirement and how shifts in socio-demographic status influence this path.

Open Access

Research Articles

Abstract

ESP-3541

Environmental perception and tourist satisfaction in the activation and utilization of the Great Wall cultural heritage in Shanxi province under the context of cultural and tourism integration

by Xuehe Hou, Dr.Zulhilmi B Paidi

2025,10(6); 222 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3541

Abstract Under the background of deep integration of culture and tourism, this study explores the relationship between tourists' environmental perception and satisfaction in the process of activation and utilization of the Great Wall cultural heritage in Shanxi Province. Through questionnaire surveys and field interviews at three representative Great Wall sections (Yanmenguan, Niangziguan, and Pianguan Laoniuwan), data from 423 tourists were collected and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The results demonstrate that tourists' perceptions of cultural landscape, atmosphere creation, facilities and services, and management services all positively affect their overall satisfaction, with cultural landscape perception exerting the most significant influence (β=0.42, p<0.001). Comparative analysis revealed distinctive perception patterns across the three sites, reflecting their unique characteristics and development priorities. Yanmenguan excelled in cultural landscape perception, Niangziguan performed best in facility services, and Pianguan Laoniuwan was distinguished by its unique landscape features. These findings provide empirical evidence for developing differentiated strategies that prioritize cultural authenticity and experiential quality while maintaining adequate supporting services. The research contributes to understanding environmental perception formation in heritage tourism contexts and offers practical guidance for the sustainable development of cultural heritage tourism under the cultural-tourism integration framework.

Open Access

Research Articles

Abstract

ESP-3777

From moral compromise to psychological depletion: How unethical pro-organizational behavior leads to role stress

by Chaofan Guo, Jia-Fure Wang

2025,10(6); 44 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3777

Abstract In organizational practice, employees’ voluntary engagement in unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) to promote organizational interests has become increasingly prevalent, drawing growing scholarly attention. While existing research has primarily focused on the antecedents and formation mechanisms of UPB, its potential consequences—Particularly its psychological impact on employees—Remain underexplored. Grounded in Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this study develops and tests a theoretical model to examine how employees’ proactive UPB influences their role stress via cognitive dissonance, and how organizational justice moderates these relationships. Using purposive sampling, data were collected from 548 valid responses from employees in Chinese enterprises. Empirical analyses were conducted through regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that UPB significantly and positively predicts both cognitive dissonance (β = 0.478, p < .001) and role stress (β = 0.527, p < .001). Cognitive dissonance also exerts a significant positive effect on role stress (β = 0.647, p < .001), serving as a partial mediator between UPB and role stress. Furthermore, organizational justice negatively moderates the effects of UPB on both cognitive dissonance and role stress. When employees perceive higher levels of organizational justice, the psychological strain associated with UPB is significantly alleviated; conversely, lower levels of perceived justice amplify the adverse effects. This study not only extends the theoretical understanding of the consequences of UPB but also offers empirical support for building fair management systems to mitigate psychological stress and reduce behavioral risks in organizations.

Open Access

Research Articles

Abstract

ESP-3801

A qualitative study discovering the lived experience of primary caregivers of female survivors with Major Depressive Disorder

by Afifah Idris, Noremy Md. Akhir, Sutharssan Nadarajan

2025,10(6); 13 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3801

Abstract Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a rising public health concern in Malaysia, particularly among women. While many studies have focused on individuals living with MDD, limited research explores the lived experiences of their primary caregivers. This qualitative study aims to fill this gap by examining the narratives of caregivers supporting female survivors of MDD. Using a narrative inquiry approach, four primary caregivers were selected through purposive sampling. Each participant engaged in two in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase method, resulting in five overarching themes and seventeen subordinate themes: sense of responsibility, acceptance of MDD, difficulties in the course of care, assistance obtained, and hope. Findings revealed that caregivers played a crucial role not only in managing daily responsibilities but also in offering emotional and spiritual support throughout the recovery process. Despite not explicitly identifying their experiences as “stress” or “burnout,” caregivers described considerable emotional hardship, including exposure to stigma, isolation, and the burden of care. These experiences point to a complex interplay between resilience and underreported distress, shaped by cultural values, familial duty, and religious beliefs. The study highlights the importance of integrating caregivers into the recovery ecosystem through clinical interventions such as psychoeducation and support groups. It also underscores the need for policy measures that recognize and sustain caregivers’ contributions, including mental health literacy campaigns, structured caregiver support, and stigma reduction efforts. These findings contribute to the growing body of research and shed light on the importance of yet overlooked experiences of caregivers in Malaysia. Based on these firsthand experiences, it is hoped that these insights will help strengthen mental health services and nurture a more supportive environment for both MDD survivors and their caregivers.

Open Access

Research Articles

Abstract

ESP-3176

Teaching strategies and activities across all disciplines that appeal to Gen-Z learners

by Anesito L. Cutillas, Enrique E. Balili, Jr., Evangeline C. Rellin, Ma Judiana S. Pangandoyon

2025,10(6); 64 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3176

Abstract Generation Z (Gen-Z), born between 1997 and 2012, is a cohort marked by their deep immersion in digital technology and the internet from a young age, often referred to as “digital natives.” Growing up with smartphones, social media, and constant access to information, they are highly tech-savvy and accustomed to navigating a world where communication and digital tools are ubiquitous. This study explored the preferred teaching strategies and activities of Gen-Z college students in relation to studying and classroom interaction. College students (n=15) from Central Visayas, Philippines were purposively sampled to be interviewed about their experiences and perceptions of different teaching strategies. The findings reveal that Gen-Z learners prefer teaching strategies and activities that emphasize collaboration, interactive learning, and gamification. Students favored group discussions, project-based tasks, and community events, which encourage teamwork and provide diverse perspectives. The integration of technology, such as Google Classroom, online quizzes, and social media platforms like Instagram and TikTok, was also highly valued for creating engaging and relatable learning experiences. Gamified elements, such as leveling-up systems and team competitions, were appreciated for motivating learners and enhancing participation. These strategies, focused on collaboration, technology use, and interactive activities, align with the preferences of Gen-Z learners, encouraging a dynamic and engaging learning environment. Teachers should prioritize the integration of peer feedback, discussions, and competitive challenges into their instructional strategies to not only motivate students but also enhance their overall learning experiences. Encouraging students to engage in discussions—whether in small groups or as a whole class—creates a platform for dialogue, which helps students articulate their ideas, develop critical thinking skills, and gain exposure to diverse viewpoints. These discussions also encouraged students to actively participate in the learning process, making the content more meaningful and interactive.

Open Access

Research Articles

Abstract

ESP-3489

Corporate social responsibility and customer satisfaction towards corporate reputation of the banking industry

by Solomon Oluyinka, Adolf Josef Yao, Nicanor Lazaro Jr, Maria Cusipag

2025,10(6); 95 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3489

Abstract Corporate social responsibility is vital for organizations to achieve sustainability and success, particularly in the banking industry. Banks, as major financial intermediaries, have faced impulsive actions due to the global financial crisis. Engaging in CSR initiatives can have a significant impact on society and the bank's reputation, fostering strong relationships with customers and understanding their needs. However, banks still face reputational risks and customer criticism, as their existence is crucial for society. Researchers conducted a study on leading universal banks to measure the effects of CSR and customer satisfaction on corporate reputation among adults aged 20-64 in the National Capital Region. The correlation coefficient results show that corporate social responsibility and customer satisfaction have a moderate to strong relationship with corporate reputation. The study found that both factors have significant direct or indirect effects on the corporate reputation of the banking industry. Regression analysis revealed an adjusted R squared value of 0.449 and beta values of 0.294 for CSR and 0.472 for customer satisfaction. Engaging in CSR initiatives can lead to customer satisfaction, which in turn boosts the bank's reputation and loyalty. Corporate social responsibility is crucial for banks to enhance their image and retain customers in the industry.

Open Access

Research Articles

Abstract

ESP-3697

Investigating the impact of green leadership on brand reputation in the hotel sector: The mediating effects of stakeholder engagement and sustainable practices

by Wagih M. E. Salama, Thowayeb H Hassan, Moustafa Hassanin Taha, Fahad Mohamed Alhuqbani, Sameh refaat, Moataz bellah Farid

2025,10(6); 47 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3697

Abstract In the context of increasing global concern for environmental responsibility, the hospitality industry faces growing pressure to adopt sustainable leadership practices. Green leadership has emerged as a critical factor in shaping how organizations are perceived, particularly in service-intensive sectors like hotels where brand reputation is closely linked to stakeholder perception. This study aims to examine the impact of green leadership on brand reputation in the hotel sector, with a focus on the mediating roles of stakeholder engagement and sustainable practices. A quantitative research design was employed using a structured questionnaire distributed to employees in five-star hotels across Egypt. A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed using stratified random sampling, and 390 valid responses were collected. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0 to assess both direct and mediating effects. The findings indicate that green leadership has a significant direct and indirect impact on brand reputation. Sustainable practices demonstrated a stronger mediating effect than stakeholder engagement. These results highlight the importance of operational sustainability and inclusive stakeholder strategies in reinforcing brand equity.The implications of the study are twofold: first, it provides empirical support for integrating green leadership in strategic brand management within hospitality; second, it offers a novel empirical model that advances the understanding of mediating mechanisms between leadership behavior and brand outcomes in emerging market contexts.

Open Access

Research Articles

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ESP-3761

Factors affecting Malaysians purchase intention for foreign automobiles and the mediation effect of trust.

by ZHANG DANDAN, WONG FOONG YEE, MANISAH OTHMAN

2025,10(6); 9 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3761

Abstract This study explores the factors influencing Malaysians' purchase intention toward foreign automobiles, with a particular emphasis on the mediating role of trust. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the model is extended to include trust as a key mediating variable. The study investigates the relationships between brand image, product quality, product design, trust, and purchase intention. Data were collected through an online questionnaire from 287 Malaysian respondents who own and drive foreign cars. The proposed hypotheses were tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that brand image significantly and positively influences purchase intention, highlighting the importance of a strong brand reputation in driving consumer decisions. In contrast, product quality and product design do not have direct effects on purchase intention. However, trust significantly mediates the effects of both product quality and product design on purchase intention, indicating that these attributes indirectly influence purchasing behavior through the development of consumer trust. This study contributes to the theoretical advancement of the TPB by integrating trust as a central mechanism in understanding consumer behavior in the automotive industry. From a practical perspective, the findings suggest that foreign automobile manufacturers aiming to increase market penetration in Malaysia should prioritize strategies that enhance brand image and foster consumer trust. Overall, the research underscores trust as a critical determinant in shaping purchase intentions within the foreign automobile market.

Open Access

Research Articles

Abstract

ESP-3797

Psychometric properties of attitudes towards research scale in Peruvian university students

by Jose Calizaya-Lopez, Luis Fernando Ramos-Vargas, Jimena Rodriguez-Moscoso, Yaneth Aleman-Vilca, Miguel Pacheco-Quico, Juan Manuel Coaquira-Mamani, Magnolia Susana Sierra-Delgado, Carlos Trujillo-Vera, Jose Natividad Flores-Mayori, Luz Gabriela Cuba-Pacheco, Claudia M. Salas-Carazas

2025,10(6); 72 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3797

Abstract Attitudes towards research play an important role in the development of critical thinking and in the research training of students. Therefore, the psychometric properties of attitudes towards research scale were evaluated. An instrumental design was used, with the participation of 2448 students from five public and private universities in Peru, selected through intentional non-probabilistic sampling. For the analysis, the sample was randomly divided into two subgroups, applying exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in the first, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the second. The original three-factor model did not show an adequate fit to the data, and a new structure composed of four factors emerged: valuation and disposition towards research, interest and participation in research, demotivation towards research and devaluation of research. The revised model presented an adequate fit (χ2(269) = 1526.77; CFI = .954; TLI = .949; RMSEA = .044; SRMR = .037). Likewise, the scale presented an Omega of .80 (95% CI: .79 - .81) demonstrating good reliability. Therefore, the new factor organization evidence adequate structural validity and reliability, supporting its usefulness to measure attitudes towards research in university environments. Its use in future research with different populations and academic contexts is suggested.

Open Access

Research Articles

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ESP-3824

Supervision strategies in managing stress of instructors due to inevitable academic overloads and pressures

by Jumil J. Alcasoda, OFM, Anesito L. Cutillas, Rachelle O. Sabella, Rhea Jane L. Caynila, Korina Jean M. Regis

2025,10(6); 32 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3824

Abstract This study underscores the importance of responsive academic supervision in addressing stress caused by academic overload among instructors, particularly within resource-constrained higher education settings. Faculty benefit from a combination of workload accommodations, emotional support, and open communication, all of which contribute to greater resilience and job satisfaction. While many supervisory practices were seen as supportive, participants also identified gaps between institutional rhetoric and meaningful structural change. This highlights the need for sustained efforts to align faculty well-being initiatives with concrete policy adjustments. The study contributes to a growing body of literature on faculty stress management by presenting context-specific supervisory strategies relevant to regional institutions. It also underscores the need for leadership approaches that are both empathetic and systemically supported. Future research may explore how these findings apply across diverse institutional types and examine how supervisory practices evolve under emerging pressures such as digitalization, accreditation demands, and shifting student expectations.

Open Access

Research Articles

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ESP-3308

Training designs that affect motivation and intellectual progression of science, Engineering, and mathematics teachers

by Vivian C. Peligro, Edmun Dennis S. Antivo, Matthew E. Cañeda, Manny P. Eviota, Richard N. Verdeflor, Joel R. Sintos

2025,10(6); 68 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3308

Abstract Training designs shape the motivation and intellectual development of educators, particularly those teaching science, engineering, and mathematics. This study explored how psychological frameworks—Schema Activation, Dual-Process Theory, and Habituation—enhance professional development for 40 Filipino educators from Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte, and Samar, Philippines. Using a descriptive qualitative research design, data were collected from 40 educators through semi-structured questionnaires that explored their experiences with professional development. The data gathering was conducted using both in-person and online methods to ensure accessibility. The questionnaire focused on motivational and cognitive factors, aligning with Schema Activation, Dual-Process Theory, and Habituation, though no standardized scales were employed. The study found that hands-on activities, culturally responsive teaching strategies, and interdisciplinary workshops enhance teacher engagement and practical application. Additionally, training sessions that combine intuitive and analytical thinking foster cognitive flexibility, enabling educators to address diverse classroom challenges. The findings also stress the importance of sustained post-training support to ensure ongoing professional growth and innovation in teaching practices.

Open Access

Research Articles

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ESP-3591

Family environment, self-esteem, and personal growth initiative: A systematic review of adolescent emotional health

by Yanyan Li, Mohd Najmi Daud, Rojanah Kahar, Nik Ahmad Sufian Burhan

2025,10(6); 31 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3591

Abstract Although numerous studies have examined individual predictors of adolescent emotional health, there is a lack of integrative reviews that synthesize both personal and environmental factors within a coherent theoretical framework. This review addresses this gap by systematically synthesizing existing literature on the role of family environment, self-esteem, and personal growth initiative in shaping adolescents’ emotional health. Following PRISMA guidelines, relevant peer- reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2024 were identified through structured searches across major databases including PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and a total of 68 studies were reviewed. This review is grounded in Lazarus’ Cognitive Motivational Relational Theory and Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, which together inform a conceptual framework illustrating the mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of PGI. The findings highlight how supportive family dynamics and proactive psychological traits interact to influence emotional well-being, offering valuable insights for intervention design and youth mental health policy.

Open Access

Research Articles

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ESP-3732

Integrating ecological civilization into higher education: Frameworks, practices, and pedagogical pathways

by Zhangmin Liu, A gemo

2025,10(6); 61 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3732

Abstract The integration of ecological civilization into higher education has become a crucial step in addressing the global ecological crisis. Ecological civilization, a concept that emphasizes the harmonious coexistence of human society with nature, has gained significant attention in recent years, particularly within China, as part of national policy efforts toward sustainability. This review article presents strategies for teaching college students about ecological civilization so they can support sustainable growth and care for the ecology. It deals with obstacles such as disjointed lessons, insufficient learning for teachers, and difficulty within institutions by thoroughly examining available literature. The study recommends using curriculum from different subjects, encouraging active learning, including traditional wisdom, and forming links with ecological groups as effective ways to proceed. The usefulness of these ideas is confirmed by research that reveals improved student involvement, greater ecological awareness, and more ecologically friendly habits. The article recommends that evaluation and feedback are necessary to keep the system evolving. The study found that significant improvements within higher education institutions are vital for promoting ecological civilization. This research helps colleges to encourage ecologically friendly and responsible graduates, benefiting the process of creating an ecological civilization in society.

Open Access

Research Articles

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ESP-3790

The impact of green entrepreneurship education on green entrepreneurial intention of students majoring in agriculture in Chinese universities

by Yanru Chen, Hsuan-Po Wang

2025,10(6); 23 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3790

Abstract The purpose of this research is to probe into the relation of green enterprise education and green enterprise intent of Chinese agriculture students. In this paper, Planned Behavior Theory is used to examine the relation of Green Entrepreneur Education and Green Entrepreneur Intent, which is used to test the intermediary role of Entrepreneur Self-efficacy. The study employs a questionnaire method, collecting data from 500 agricultural students in higher education institutions, with 478 valid questionnaires. It is found that the Green Entrepreneur Education of China's Agriculture College Graduates can improve the Entrepreneur's Self-efficacy and influence the Green Entrepreneur's Intent. Both the Green Entrepreneur Education and the Entrepreneur Self-efficacy Influence the Green Entrepreneurship Intent significantly. Self-efficiency of entrepreneurs has an obvious intermediate effect on the relation of green enterprise education and green enterprise intent. The findings are of great significance to policymakers in higher education departments, university administrators, and educators.

Open Access

Research Articles

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ESP-3816

Custodial grandparents and modern education dilemma: Insights from qualitative research

by Lina Yu, Nur Saadah Mohamad Aun, Nor Jana Saim, Norulhuda Sarnon @Kusenin

2025,10(6); 38 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3816

Abstract Custodial grandparents experience a lot of pressures and challenges when they are raising their grandchildren. However, little is known about the educational dilemmas they face because of the rapid advancement of modern technology. This study investigates the modern educational challenges of custodial grandparents in rural China. Data were gathered using a qualitative approach, with in-depth interviews and field notes. Thematic saturation was achieved after 15 participants. The results showed that the technological weakness and social isolation challenges greatly impact custodial grandparents’ parenting roles and psychological health. These findings provided valuable insights for policymakers and social service providers to develop targeted support for rural custodial grandparents in China. The study emphasizes the importance of improving custodial grandparents’ technological capacities and adapting to modern parenting styles.

Open Access

Research Articles

Abstract

ESP-3272

Role of tourism branding communication in shaping destination perceptions and visitor behavior engagement

by Shanelaima Bangahan, Mark Glenn L. Daguplo, Magna Anissa A. Hayudini, Shelda B. Jikiri, Fatima Madeliene A. Cabajon-Sabdani, Fahadz M. Lulu, Jason V. Chavez

2025,10(6); 78 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3272

Abstract This study investigates the role of tourism branding communication in shaping destination perceptions and visitor engagement. It examines how psychological principles, cognitive dissonance, social proof, and motivation, are embedded in branding strategies to align with expectations, foster emotional connection, and promote sustainable tourism development. Using a qualitative exploratory design, the research draws on semi-structured interviews with 40 participants, including 12 tourism professionals from the Philippines. Thematic analysis revealed five key branding themes related to authenticity, emotional engagement, message consistency, behavioral response, and adaptability. Transparent branding was found essential for reducing cognitive dissonance, while user-generated content and influencer media reinforced social proof. Branding aligned with travelers’ intrinsic goals, such as adventure, relaxation, or cultural immersion, enhanced motivational appeal and loyalty. Findings underscore the value of integrating psychological theory with branding practice, offering a structured framework for interpreting visitor behavior and guiding strategic communication. While contextually specific, the study provides a foundation for future cross-cultural research and the development of adaptive, emotionally resonant destination branding.

Open Access

Review Articles

Abstract

ESP-3818

Behavioral criteria in pocket park design through the lens of environmental psychology: A systematic review

by Dong Han, Mohd Jaki Bin Mamat

2025,10(6); 3 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3818

Abstract Although pocket parks are being marketed as essential urban green spaces in congested urban settings, their layout frequently ignores the behavioral and psychological reactions of patrons. Understanding how spatial design might promote comfort, interaction, and well-being in these types of environments is made possible by environmental psychology. The purpose of this study is to discover behavioral characteristics derived from environmental psychology that impact pocket park design by conducting a literature review. The objective is to comprehend how urban small-scale green spaces influence human perception, comfort, and interaction. Peer-reviewed papers were sourced from sources such as Scopus, Web of Science, Taylor & Francis, and Google Scholar, in accordance with PRISMA principles. Design criteria and pocket park-related keywords were employed. Recurring behavioral and psychological criteria were categorized using thematic synthesis. Comfort, social interaction, perceived safety, restorative quality, emotional well-being, walkability, activities, and privacy are the eight primary behavioral emphasis areas that the review finds as being pertinent to pocket park design. Additionally, attention is paid to nine design components, including "natural & restorative elements," "visual & spatial experience," "accessibility, proximity & connectivity," and "functional activity settings." Pocket park design has a significant impact on psychological experiences and behavioral patterns in addition to being aesthetically pleasing and functional. It is necessary to include psychological insights into landscape architecture in order to develop pocket parks with a human-centered approach. The study suggests a set of behavioral standards that can direct the creation of urban microparks that are more socially sensitive, inclusive, and emotionally influential.

Open Access

Review Articles

Abstract

ESP-3728

The application of color psychology in the psychological shaping of animated characters in Shanxi dough Sculpture

by Xinyue Zhang, Noorhayati Binti Saad, Zuhaili Akmal Ismail

2025,10(6); 15 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i6.3728

Abstract This study focuses on the application of Shanxi dough sculpture color in the psychological shaping of animated characters, and deeply integrates color psychology theory to conduct a comprehensive exploration. Shanxi dough sculpture, as an intangible cultural heritage with strong regional characteristics and cultural value, carries rich cultural connotations and unique artistic charm in its color system. Research has found that people have different psychological perceptions of the color of Shanxi dough sculpture under different social and cultural backgrounds. For example, in festive cultural backgrounds, red often conveys a warm and joyful psychological feeling, while in some solemn cultural scenes, white may symbolize purity and solemnity. When animated characters incorporate elements of Shanxi dough sculpture, their psychological perception based on these colors will affect the audience's psychological cognition. Integrating the colors of Shanxi dough sculpture into the psychological shaping of animated characters can inject profound traditional Chinese cultural connotations into animated works, enhance the cultural identity and artistic appeal of animated characters, help animated works stand out in the international market with unique cultural charm, and promote the formation of a creative style with local characteristics in the Chinese animation industry. At the same time, with the help of modern animation as a digital art form, the color of Shanxi dough sculpture has been widely spread, allowing more audiences to recognize its value. The innovative application of traditional dough sculpture colors through modern technological means has achieved the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage in the contemporary context, promoted the organic integration of traditional culture and modern digital art, and opened up a new path for the inheritance and innovation of intangible cultural heritage in the field of digital art. The research results have important theoretical support significance for the localization creation of the animation industry.

Environment and Social Psychology

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