Published
2025-08-20
Section
Research Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jason V. Chavez, Joseph B. Quinto, Pearly Jade E. Samilo, Neña Vanessa A. Cabiles, Jhordan T. Cuilan, Abundio C. Miralles, Maria Lady Sol A. Suazo, Rolly G. Salvaleon, Annie Y. Samarca, Josephine L. Cruz

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The journal adopts the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), which means that anyone can reuse and redistribute the materials for non-commercial purposes as long as you follow the license terms and the original source is properly cited.
Author(s) shall retain the copyright of their work and grant the Journal/Publisher rights for the first publication with the work concurrently licensed since 2023 Vol.8 No.2.
Under this license, author(s) will allow third parties to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute and/or copy the content under the condition that the authors are given credit. No permission is required from the authors or the publisher.
This broad license intends to facilitate free access, as well as the unrestricted use of original works of all types. This ensures that the published work is freely and openly available in perpetuity.
By providing open access, the following benefits are brought about:
- Higher Visibility, Availability and Citations-free and unlimited accessibility of the publication over the internet without any restrictions increases citation of the article.
- Ease of search-publications are easily searchable in search engines and indexing databases.
- Rapid Publication – accepted papers are immediately published online.
- Available for free download immediately after publication at https://esp.as-pub.com/index.php/ESP

Copyright Statement
1.The authors certify that the submitted manuscripts are original works, do not infringe the rights of others, are free from academic misconduct and confidentiality issues, and that there are no disputes over the authorship scheme of the collaborative articles. In case of infringement, academic misconduct and confidentiality issues, as well as disputes over the authorship scheme, all responsibilities will be borne by the authors.
2. The author agrees to grant the Editorial Office of Environment and Social Psychology a licence to use the reproduction right, distribution right, information network dissemination right, performance right, translation right, and compilation right of the submitted manuscript, including the work as a whole, as well as the diagrams, tables, abstracts, and any other parts that can be extracted from the work and used in accordance with the characteristics of the journal. The Editorial Board of Environment and Social Psychology has the right to use and sub-licence the above mentioned works for wide dissemination in print, electronic and online versions, and, in accordance with the characteristics of the periodical, for the period of legal protection of the property right of the copyright in the work, and for the territorial scope of the work throughout the world.
3. The authors are entitled to the copyright of their works under the relevant laws of Singapore, provided that they do not exercise their rights in a manner prejudicial to the interests of the Journal.
About Licence
Environment and Social Psychology is an open access journal and all published work is available under the Creative Commons Licence, Authors shall retain copyright of their work and grant the journal/publisher the right of first publication, and their work shall be licensed under the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Under this licence, the author grants permission to third parties to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute and/or copy the content with attribution to the author. No permission from the author or publisher is required.
This broad licence is intended to facilitate free access to and unrestricted use of original works of all kinds. This ensures that published works remain free and accessible in perpetuity. Submitted manuscripts, once accepted, are immediately available to the public and permanently accessible free of charge on the journal’s official website (https://esp.as-pub.com/index.php/ESP). Allowing users to read, download, copy, print, search for or link to the full text of the article, or use it for other legal purposes. However, the use of the work must retain the author's signature, be limited to non-commercial purposes, and not be interpretative.
Click to download <Agreement on the Licence for the Use of Copyright on Environmental and Social Psychology>.
How to Cite
Intentional learning styles and practices of parents towards their children: Strengthening discipline for language learning
Jason V. Chavez
School of Business Administration, Zamboanga Peninsula Polytechnic State University, Zamboanga City 7000, Philippines
Joseph B. Quinto
Department of English, College of Arts and Humanities, Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet 2601, Philippine
Pearly Jade E. Samilo
Filipino Language Teaching Division, College of Education, West Visayas State University, lloilo City 5000, Philippines
Neña Vanessa A. Cabiles
Filipino Language Teaching Division, College of Education, West Visayas State University, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines
Jhordan T. Cuilan
Department of English, Benguet State University, Benguet 2601, Philippines
Abundio C. Miralles
Office of the Vice President for Administration and Finance, North Eastern Mindanao State University, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur 8300, Philippines
Maria Lady Sol A. Suazo
Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs, North Eastern Mindanao State University, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur 8300, Philippines
Rolly G. Salvaleon
Office of the Vice President for Research and Extension, North Eastern Mindanao State University, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur 8300, Philippines
Annie Y. Samarca
College of Teacher Education, North Eastern Mindanao State University, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur 8300, Philippines
Josephine L. Cruz
College of Teacher Education, Jose Rizal Memorial State University - Katipunan Campus, Katipunan, Zamboanga del Norte 7109, Philippines
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i8.3830
Keywords: early education; English language learning; learning discipline; parental involvement
Abstract
Parental involvement is a critical factor in English language learning, as it extends exposure and practice beyond the classroom, creating a continuous and supportive learning environment. However, limited research examines how Filipino parents intentionally instill discipline to strengthen language learning at home. This study employed a qualitative descriptive research design and purposively selected 18 Filipino parents who actively engaged in their children’s English language learning. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, recorded with consent, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and themes. Three core parental practices emerged: (1) Imposing strictness through structured routines, rules, and corrective feedback to ensure accountability; (2) Repetition of language use in daily tasks, stories, and games to enhance fluency and vocabulary retention; and (3) Creating a supportive environment that combined emotional encouragement with consistent guidance. These strategies led to improvements in children’s confidence, technical language skills, and frequency of English use in everyday situations. Findings suggest that discipline-oriented yet supportive parenting fosters both linguistic competence and motivation. Aligning with Vygotsky’s social development theory, the study highlights the importance of structured interaction and positive reinforcement in language learning. Intentional parental involvement—balancing firm discipline with emotional support—significantly enhances children’s English language acquisition. Educational programs should promote home-based language strategies and school–parent partnerships to strengthen English proficiency.
References
[1]. 1.Narimanova, D. J. (2025). THE ROLE OF ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL LINGUA FRANCA.
[2]. 2.Modern American Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(3), 84-90.
[3]. 3.De Costa, P., Park, J., & Wee, L. (2016). Language learning as linguistic entrepreneurship:
[4]. 4.Implications for language education. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 25(5), 695-702.
[5]. 5.Hasbullah, H. (2025). Enhancing parental involvement in education: school management
[6]. 6.strategies for building school-home partnerships. International journal of society reviews, 3(4), 400-412.
[7]. 7.Losa, A. G. (2024). Parental involvement in pupils’ English learning tasks: A multiple regression
[8]. 8.analysis. International Journal of Open-Access, Interdisciplinary & New Educational Discoveries of ETCOR Educational Research Center, 273-288.
[9]. 9.Babanto, M. G., Babanto, M. D., Bante, M. A., Camua, R. D., De Leon, M. A. S., Guinto, G. G.,
[10]. 10.... & Anicas, R. P. (2023). Attitudes Towards Philippine English: The Case of ESL Teachers
[11]. 11.in Selected Provinces in Central Luzon, Philippines. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 4(7), 2525-2534.
[12]. 12.Dizon Jr, R. P., & Nanquil, L. M. (2024). A closer look on Filipino ESL teachers’ best practices: A
[13]. 13.basis for a multiculturally responsive and eclectic teaching approach. Journal of Language and Pragmatics Studies, 3(1), 1-8.
[14]. 14.Abror, S., Azizah, C., & Salsabilla, A. (2025). The Effect of Learning Discipline on Student
[15]. 15.Learning Achievement MA Tanada Waru Sidoarjo. Journal of Teaching and Learning, 2(1), 10-26.
[16]. 16.Arifin, K., Putra, A. R. B., Nurrohman, H., Supriyadi, A., & Sabela, W. (2023). The Influence of
[17]. 17.Learning Discipline and Family Environment on Learning Outcomes in Economics Subjects. International Journal of Universal Education, 1(2), 44-50.
[18]. 18.Hosseini, V., Mokri, S. M. G., & Vadimovna, S. M. Investigating the effect of Learning Russian
[19]. 19.Language on the Adaptation of International Students.
[20]. 20.King, K. A. (2023). Family language policy. In The Routledge Handbook of Applied
[21]. 21.Linguistics (pp. 44-56). Routledge.
[22]. 22.Seals, C. A., & Beliaeva, N. (2023). Aspirational family language policy. Language Policy, 22(4),
[23]. 23.501-521.
[24]. 24.Spolsky, B. (2009). Language management. Cambridge University Press.
[25]. 25.Curdt-Christiansen, X. L. (2012). Private language management in Singapore: Which language to
[26]. 26.practice and how?. In Communication and language: Surmounting barriers to cross-
[27]. 27.cultural understanding (pp. 55-77). Information Age Publishing.
[28]. 28.Istighfaroh, F., Elfiyanto, S., & Ubaidillah, M. F. (2023). The parental language policy on
[29]. 29.children's language acquisition: a case of international family. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 13(2), 499-523.
[30]. 30.Purba, N., Maulana, M. W., & Ningsi, G. (2020). Language Acquisition of Children Age 4-5 Years
[31]. 31.Old in TK Dhinukum Zholtan Deli Serdang. LingLit Journal Scientific Journal for Linguistics and Literature, 1(1), 19-24.
[32]. 32.Izar, J., Nasution, M. M., & Ilahi, P. W. (2020). The stages, comparisons and factors of first
[33]. 33.language acquisition of two-years-old male and female child. Jetli: Journal of English Teaching and Linguistics, 1(2), 63-73.
[34]. 34.Knauer, H. A., Jakiela, P., Ozier, O., Aboud, F., & Fernald, L. C. (2020). Enhancing young
[35]. 35.children’s language acquisition through parent–child book-sharing: A randomized trial in rural Kenya. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 50, 179-190.
[36]. 36.Muslim, B. Z., & Mahbub, M. A. (2023). The role of self-regulated learning on foreign vocabulary
[37]. 37.learning: a multi-case study. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 13(1), 78-101.
[38]. 38.Hollebeke, I., Struys, E., & Agirdag, O. (2023). Can family language policy predict linguistic,
[39]. 39.socio-emotional and cognitive child and family outcomes? A systematic review. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 44(10), 1044-1075.
[40]. 40.Annisa, A., Nasrullah, M., & Arhas, S. H. (2025). The Influence of Learning Discipline on the
[41]. 41.Learning Achievement of Class X Students of Office Management and Business Services. International Journal of Administration and Education (IJAE), 10-17.
[42]. 42.Himmatu‘Adila, K., & Susanto, S. (2024). Analysis of Discipline character and learning interest
[43]. 43.on student learning outcomes. DIAJAR: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 3(1), 148-154.
[44]. 44.Chavez, J. V., Adalia, H. G., & Alberto, J. P. (2023). Parental support strategies and motivation in
[45]. 45.aiding their children learn the English language. Forum for Linguistic Studies, 5(2), 1541-1541.
[46]. 46.Comeros, N. A., Cuilan, J. T., & Chavez, J. V. (2024). Parental Discretionary Influence on Their
[47]. 47.Children’s Manner of Learning English Language. Forum for Linguistic Studies, 6(4), 284-299.
[48]. 48.Blake, H. L., McLeod, S., & Verdon, S. (2020). Intelligibility enhancement assessment and
[49]. 49.intervention: A single-case experimental design with two multilingual university students. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 34(1-2), 1-20.
[50]. 50.Benbrahim, F. Z., Frichi, Y., Benabdelhadi, A., & Jawab, F. (2024). The qualitative exploratory
[51]. 51.study: A necessary prerequisite to the quantitative study. In Data collection and analysis in scientific qualitative research (pp. 57-86). IGI Global.
[52]. 52.Hunter, D., McCallum, J., & Howes, D. (2019). Defining exploratory-descriptive qualitative
[53]. 53.(EDQ) research and considering its application to healthcare. Journal of Nursing and Health Care, 4(1).
[54]. 54.Nguyen, Y. H. (2023). A Qualitative Exploratory Research Design Study of Asian American
[55]. 55.Consumer Acceptance of Biometric Technology (Doctoral dissertation, University of the Cumberlands).
[56]. 56.Chavez, J. V. (2022). Narratives of bilingual parents on the real-life use of English language:
[57]. 57.Materials for English language teaching curriculum. Arab World English Journals, 13(3).
[58]. 58.Gupta, A. S., & Mukherjee, J. (2022). Long-term changes in consumers' shopping behavior post-
[59]. 59.pandemic: an exploratory study. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 50(12), 1518-1534.
[60]. 60.Samanth, M. (2024). A Brief Introduction to Research Methodology. International Journal Od
[61]. 61.Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), 12(5).
[62]. 62.Inoferio, H. V., Espartero, M., Asiri, M., Damin, M., & Chavez, J. V. (2024). Coping with math
[63]. 63.anxiety and lack of confidence through AI-assisted Learning. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.54517/esp.v9i5.2228
[64]. 64.Olawale, S. R., Chinagozi, O. G., & Joe, O. N. (2023). Exploratory research design in management
[65]. 65.science: A review of literature on conduct and application. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 7(4), 1384-1395.
[66]. 66.Marshall, B., Cardon, P., Poddar, A., & Fontenot, R. (2013). Does sample size matter in qualitative
[67]. 67.research?: A review of qualitative interviews in IS research. Journal of computer information systems, 54(1), 11-22.
[68]. 68.Rai, N., & Thapa, B. (2015). A study on purposive sampling method in research. Kathmandu:
[69]. 69.Kathmandu School of Law, 5(1), 8-15.
[70]. 70.Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., ... & Walker, K.
[71]. 71.(2020). Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of research in Nursing, 25(8), 652-661.
[72]. 72.Barratt, M. J., Ferris, J. A., & Lenton, S. (2015). Hidden populations, online purposive sampling,
[73]. 73.and external validity: Taking off the blindfold. Field methods, 27(1), 3-21.
[74]. 74.Kallio, H., Pietilä, A. M., Johnson, M., & Kangasniemi, M. (2016). Systematic methodological
[75]. 75.review: developing a framework for a qualitative semi‐structured interview guide. Journal of advanced nursing, 72(12), 2954-2965.
[76]. 76.Robinson, O. C. (2023). Probing in qualitative research interviews: Theory and
[77]. 77.practice. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 20(3), 382-397.
[78]. 78.Shoozan, A., & Mohamad, M. (2024). Application of interview protocol refinement framework in
[79]. 79.systematically developing and refining a semi-structured interview protocol. In SHS Web
[80]. 80.of Conferences (Vol. 182, p. 04006). EDP Sciences.
[81]. 81.Bhalla, S., Bahar, N., & Kanapathy, K. (2023). Pre-testing semi-structured interview questions
[82]. 82.using expert review and cognitive interview methods. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(5), 11-19.
[83]. 83.Malmqvist, J., Hellberg, K., Möllås, G., Rose, R., & Shevlin, M. (2019). Conducting the pilot
[84]. 84.study: A neglected part of the research process? Methodological findings supporting the importance of piloting in qualitative research studies. International journal of qualitative methods, 18, 1609406919878341.
[85]. 85.Chavez, J. V., & Ceneciro, C. C. (2023). Discourse analysis on same-sex relationship through the
[86]. 86.lens of religious and social belief systems. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(1).
[87]. 87.Adeoye‐Olatunde, O. A., & Olenik, N. L. (2021). Research and scholarly methods: Semi‐
[88]. 88.structured interviews. Journal of the american college of clinical pharmacy, 4(10), 1358-1367.
[89]. 89.Roulston, K., & Choi, M. (2018). Qualitative interviews. The SAGE handbook of qualitative data
[90]. 90.collection, 233-249.
[91]. 91.Kang, E., & Hwang, H. J. (2021). Ethical conducts in qualitative research methodology:
[92]. 92.Participant observation and interview process. Journal of Research and Publication Ethics, 2(2), 5-10.
[93]. 93.Benlahcene, A., & Ramdani, A. (2020). The process of qualitative interview: Practical insights for
[94]. 94.novice researchers. European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences.
[95]. 95.Joffe, H. (2011). Thematic analysis. Qualitative research methods in mental health and
[96]. 96.psychotherapy: A guide for students and practitioners, 209-223.
[97]. 97.Neuendorf, K. A. (2018). Content analysis and thematic analysis. In Advanced research methods
[98]. 98.for applied psychology (pp. 211-223). Routledge.
[99]. 99.Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2024). Supporting best practice in reflexive thematic analysis reporting
[100]. 100.in Palliative Medicine: A review of published research and introduction to the Reflexive Thematic Analysis Reporting Guidelines (RTARG). Palliative medicine, 38(6), 608-616.
[101]. 101.Finlay, L. (2021). Thematic analysis:: the ‘good’, the ‘bad’and the ‘ugly’. European Journal for
[102]. 102.Qualitative Research in Psychotherapy, 11, 103-116.
[103]. 103.Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
[104]. 104.Dodgson, J. E. (2019). Reflexivity in qualitative research. Journal of human lactation, 35(2), 220-
[105]. 105.222.
[106]. 106.Reid, A. M., Brown, J. M., Smith, J. M., Cope, A. C., & Jamieson, S. (2018). Ethical dilemmas
[107]. 107.and reflexivity in qualitative research. Perspectives on medical education, 7, 69-75.
[108]. 108.Azungah, T. (2018). Qualitative research: deductive and inductive approaches to data
[109]. 109.analysis. Qualitative research journal, 18(4), 383-400.
[110]. 110.Yuwono, M. A., & Rachmawati, D. (2023). Combined Methods. Can This Solve The Differences
[111]. 111.Between Deductive and Inductive Methods in Qualitative Research?. Moroccan Journal of
[112]. 112.Quantitative and Qualitative Research, 5(3).
[113]. 113.Chavez, J. V., & Vicente, M. B. (2025). Halal compliance behaviors of food and accommodation
[114]. 114.businesses in the Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 7(5), 2025259-2025259.
[115]. 115.Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes.
[116]. 116.Harvard University Press.
[117]. 117.Grolnick, W. S., & Pomerantz, E. M. (2022). Should parents be involved in their children’s
[118]. 118.schooling?. Theory Into Practice, 61(3), 325-335.
[119]. 119.Belaić, Z. (2021). Parental involvement in their children's education. Život i škola: časopis za
[120]. 120.teoriju i praksu odgoja i obrazovanja, 67(2), 95-114.
[121]. 121.Alias, N. Z., Kamal, S. S. L. A., & Ginanto, D. E. (2024). Theoretical Perspectives on Parental
[122]. 122.Involvement in Children's ESL Learning: A Systematic Literature Review. Southeast Asia Early Childhood, 13(2), 132-148.
[123]. 123.Mokal, M. N., & Ahmad, Z. (2023). The impact of positive parenting practices on children’s
[124]. 124.education and behavioral change. International Journal of Modern Languages and Applied
[125]. 125.Linguistics (IJMAL), 7(3), 65-80.
[126]. 126.Gana, M., Rad, D., & Stoian, C. D. (2023). Family functioning, parental attachment and students’
[127]. 127.academic success. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(1), 2565.
[128]. 128.Sun, J., Oubibi, M., & Hryshayeva, K. (2025). Exploring the impact of parent-child contact, future
[129]. 129.orientation, and self-esteem on students' learning behavior: A mediation analysis. Acta Psychologica, 252, 104683.
[130]. 130.Rumbidzai, T., & Achebe, M. (2023). Exploring the Role of Early Childhood Education in Shaping
[131]. 131.Children's Future Development. Educia Journal, 1(2), 27-35.
[132]. 132.Neece, C., McIntyre, L. L., & Fenning, R. (2020). Examining the impact of COVID‐19 in
[133]. 133.ethnically diverse families with young children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 64(10), 739-749.
[134]. 134.Xu, L., Abdullah, T., & Tang, X. (2024). Impacts of Family Environment on Chinese University
[135]. 135.Students’ English Language Proficiency: The Mediating Effect of Parenting Styles. SAGE
[136]. 136.Open, 14(4), 21582440241289802.
[137]. 137.Yu, L., Huang, J., Liu, P. D., Yeung, S. S. S., Lin, D., Cheung, H., & Tong, X. (2024). How
[138]. 138.parenting styles affect the development of language skills and reading comprehension in primary school students. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(4), 1245-1270.






