Editor-in-Chief
Prof. Dr. Paola Magnano
Kore University of Enna
Italy
Prof. Dr. Gabriela Topa
Social and organizational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia
Spain
Vol. 10 No. 11 (2025): published
Table of Contents
Open AccessResearch Articles
by Adel Subhe Abedalkader Abraheem, Jameela Khedher Abbas, Duha Khalil Ibrahim Ahmed, Nazar Habeeb Abbas, Baker Mohammed Khalil, Petro Ponochovnyi
2025,10(11);
79 Views
Abstract
As environmental pollution becomes more complex over the years, finding effective monitoring methods becomes crucial. In real-time monitoring, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models can be integrated to obtain information about air, water, and soil quality assessment. To improve the accuracy of pollution detection and forecasting, this study proposes a comprehensive framework that integrates IoT-enabled sensor networks, predictive AI models, and statistical validation techniques. The article assesses the relative performance of Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and Transformer-based split networks to predict environmental changes.
The study was conducted across multi-domain urban, suburban, and rural monitoring zones using multimodal datasets derived from IoT sensors, remote sensing streams, and laboratory-validated environmental indicators. Similar integrated AI–IoT ecological monitoring strategies have been highlighted in recent literature as essential for sustainable environmental protection and high-fidelity pollution forecasting. The dataset comprised 216 air samples, 144 water samples, and 96 soil assays collected from three monitoring regions.
Results show that PM2.5 concentrations decreased by 12% (p < 0.01), water turbidity declined by 15% (p < 0.01), and lead levels in soil were reduced by up to 16.1% in agricultural sites. The GBM model achieved the highest predictive performance with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 2.1 µg/m³, Coefficient of Determination (R²) = 0.94, and F1-Score = 92.0%, outperforming LSTM and Transformer models.
Beyond technical performance, this study also highlights the legal and societal dimensions of AI-driven monitoring. By improving accuracy and transparency, these systems strengthen regulatory compliance frameworks while fostering public trust in environmental governance. Understanding how citizens and policymakers perceive the reliability of AI-based platforms is essential to ensuring policy acceptance and compliance behavior. This dual perspective—technological and psychological—illustrates that sustainable outcomes depend not only on advanced algorithms but also on social legitimacy and institutional accountability.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by SeongJeong Yoon
2025,10(11);
16 Views
Abstract
In recent years, social networking services (SNS) have evolved into diverse forms and have become deeply embedded in everyday communication practices. At the same time, however, an increasing number of users have begun to withdraw from these platforms or migrate to alternatives due to concerns related to privacy breaches and the proliferation of competing services. A notable example is the 2018 Cambridge Analytica incident, which prompted widespread public criticism and led many users to abandon certain platforms out of fear of personal data misuse. The rapid growth of services such as Instagram, Snapchat, and TikTok has further diversified the SNS landscape, offering users new functional and social benefits.
Despite these developments, the negative personal and societal consequences associated with SNS use continue to grow, with users remaining vulnerable to financial, psychological, and physical risks. Rather than focusing on exceptional or highly publicized cases, the present study examines the everyday use of widely adopted SNS platforms. Specifically, it seeks to identify both the positive and negative factors that shape users’ perceptions and to analyze how these factors influence their intention to continue using SNS. The Value-Based Acceptance Model (VAM) is employed as the theoretical framework, as it uniquely enables the simultaneous assessment of benefits and sacrifices in technology use. Ultimately, the aim of this study is to provide evidence-based insights into how SNS platforms can be improved to mitigate personal and social harms while enhancing users’ overall experience.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Haibiao Liu, Panjanat Vorawattanachai
2025,10(11);
75 Views
Abstract
The purposes of this study were 1) to identify the factors of job burnout, work performance, organizational identification among undergraduate university teachers in Yunnan. 2) To analyze the influencing factors of job burnout affecting the work performance among undergraduate university teachers in Yunnan. 3) To examine the organizational identification as the moderating variable affect the job burnout and work performance among undergraduate university teachers in Yunnan. The sample group consisted of teachers using Yamane’s formula, to be 737 teachers. The research instrument used in this study was a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by finding frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient, and path analysis. The research results can be summarized as follows:
1) The factors of job burnout and work performance have a high level (=5.773 S= 0. 929 and =3.467 S=1.420), except organizational identification is moderate level (=3.371 S=1.164).
2) The path coefficients of the structural equation model, there is significant correlation between emotional exhaustion and work performance (standardized path coefficient = -0.302, p < 0.001), depersonalization and work performance (standardized path coefficient = -0.325, p < 0.001), reduced personal accomplishment and work performance (standardized path coefficient = -0.288, p < 0.001).
3) The organizational identification as the moderating variable affects the job burnout and work performance are significant (t = -6.259, p = 0.000 < 0.05, t= -6.737 p=0.000<0.05, t= -6.230, p=0.000<0.05).
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Dong Li
2025,10(11);
54 Views
Abstract
This study explores the interaction between environmental aesthetics and social psychological factors in watercolor painting and their manifestations in contemporary art. Through a mixed-methods approach comprising visual analysis of 451 contemporary watercolor artworks, in-depth interviews with 15 artists, questionnaire surveys of 312 viewers, and 6 focus group discussions, this research systematically examines the presentation modes of environmental aesthetic elements, the influence mechanisms of social psychological factors, and their interactive patterns.The findings reveal three key dimensions: First, environmental aesthetic elements are manifested through the poetic expression of natural landscapes, the construction of place spirit in urban spaces, and visual metaphorical strategies for ecological crises. Among these, waterscapes demonstrate the highest emotional intensity (M=8.9), historic buildings exhibit the strongest place identity (M=9.2), and symbolic imagery achieves optimal metaphorical effects (M=9.2). Second, social psychological factors profoundly influence artistic creation through collective anxiety (ecological anxiety accounts for 25.5% of works), cultural identity recognition (traditional cultural revival themes are most prevalent, N=45), and social relationship networks (network density shows negative correlation with influence intensity, r=-0.58). Third, psychological distress triggered by environmental degradation demonstrates high correlation with aesthetic destruction perception (r=0.88), while place attachment and community belonging form differentiated dual expression patterns.The study unveils the multifaceted values of contemporary watercolor art in environmental education, psychological healing, cultural heritage preservation, and social critique. It constructs a theoretical framework for the interaction between environmental aesthetics and social psychology, providing an interdisciplinary perspective for understanding the sociocultural functions of contemporary art. These findings offer significant implications for artistic creative practice, environmental communication, and cultural policy formulation.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Ram Eujohn J. Diamante, Michael B. Dizon, Christine B. Diocos, Rizza Mae E. Anduyan, Edgar M. Hortillosa, Liezl A. Dula-Ogon, Mary Jean O. Gimoto, Roy I. Vera Cruz, Kim Jay C. Encio, Hazel Galas Lampitoc
2025,10(11);
55 Views
Abstract
This study examined the psychological factors influencing students to shift from Mathematics, Science, and Information and Communications Technology (MSI) programs to non-MSI disciplines in higher education. Using a qualitative exploratory design, forty participants who transitioned from MSI to non-MSI courses were interviewed to understand their motivations, struggles, and growth experiences. Findings revealed that many students initially enrolled in MSI programs due to family expectations, societal prestige, and peer influence. Over time, they encountered burnout from demanding workloads, role strain from conflicting responsibilities, and difficulty envisioning future careers, reflecting low levels of career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE). These factors created dissonance between external pressures and authentic interests, pushing students toward non-MSI fields. Yet, course shifting was not viewed as academic failure. Instead, students described the transition as a transformative process that allowed them to rediscover passions, redefine success, and rebuild confidence in their chosen paths. The study also identified interventions to sustain MSI engagement, including contextualized and collaborative instruction, bridge programs to strengthen foundations, and career guidance to enhance CDMSE. Overall, the findings highlight course shifting as both a challenge and an opportunity, underscoring the need for institutional strategies that balance academic rigor with psychological support.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Edward Devadason, Jonaina Nordin, Syukor Hashim, Arnie Nartika Naharudin, Sim Heok Meng
2025,10(11);
27 Views
Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into higher education is rapidly changing teaching, learning, and evaluation techniques. While AI provides advantages such as individualized training, adaptive evaluations, and increased administrative efficiency, it also poses serious ethical problems. This study looks at the relationship between the level of AI implementation in education (AIIE) and three key ethical dimensions in Melaka's higher education institutions, which are fairness in student assessments (FSA), student surveillance and data collection (SSDC), and teacher-student interaction (TSI). This quantitative study used structured questionnaires to collect data from lecturers and academic staff at multiple institutions in response to three research questions. Statistical study found a substantial positive association between AIIE and SSDC, implying that greater AI integration relates to increasing student surveillance and data tracking. This study also found moderate colleration between AIIE and FSA, implying that algorithmic fairness. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate a negative relationship between AI decision-making (AIDM) and TSI, showing that greater dependence on AI may reduce meaningful teacher-student involvement. These findings underscore the need for ethical frameworks to guide the responsible use of AI in Malaysian higher education. The study recommends regular algorithm audits, transparent data policies, and hybrid instructional models that preserve human-centered learning. By addressing these ethical challenges, policymakers and institutions can ensure that AI technologies support equitable and holistic educational experiences while safeguarding student rights and preserving pedagogical integrity.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Zhenggui Chen, Jinwen Tang
2025,10(11);
97 Views
Abstract
This study investigates the impact mechanism of brand authenticity on the importance of customers co-creation, highlighting how brand trust acts as a mediator and the moderating influence of perceived behavioral control. Utilizing quantitative research methodologies, 368 valid samples were gathered via questionnaire surveys, and statistical techniques, including Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that brand authenticity positively influences brand trust, which acts as a powerful mediator in the connection between authenticity and customer value co-creation. Perceived behavioral control serves in the role of moderator in these relationships, enhancing the positive impact when consumers perceive higher control over their behavior. Brand authenticity directly affects customer value co-creation, highlighting its role as a key driver. The study contributes theoretically by providing an in-depth analysis of the mediating role of brand trust and exploring the moderating effect of perceived behavioral control. Practically, it offers strategies for brand managers to enhance customer value co-creation by strengthening brand authenticity and trust, providing significant guidance for brand management in the digital and globalized era.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Shubashini Mathialagan, Amos En Zhe Lian, Boon Tao Chew
2025,10(11);
66 Views
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of body image on intimacy and relationship satisfaction among Malaysian adults in romantic relationships, with a specific focus on intimacy as a potential mediator. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 245 Malaysian participants and the correlational analyses revealed positive associations between body image and intimacy, body image and relationship satisfaction, and a particularly strong positive correlation between intimacy and relationship satisfaction. Mediation analysis confirmed a significant indirect effect, indicating that intimacy fully mediated the relationship between body image and relationship satisfaction. These findings suggest that individuals with higher satisfaction in body image are more likely to experience greater emotional closeness with their partners, which in turn contributes to higher relationship satisfaction. The results emphasize the crucial role of intimacy in shaping relationship quality and suggest that the impact of body image on relationship satisfaction operates through this emotional bond. Mental health professionals in Malaysia may benefit from incorporating these insights into culturally sensitive therapeutic interventions aimed at improving intimacy and communication in couples facing body image concerns.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Ibrahim Khalil Ibrahim, Imad Abdullah Najm, Baydaa Essam Abdulrahman Jasim, Sabah Abdul Wahhab, Abdul Razaaq AL-Nuiami, Waleed Nassar, Petro Zakharchenko
2025,10(11);
32 Views
Abstract
Green mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have emerged as a strategic mechanism through which firms pursue sustainability-oriented growth while navigating evolving environmental regulations and market expectations. However, empirical evidence explaining how these transactions influence environmental performance and financial outcomes remain fragmented. This study examines the effect of green M&A on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy efficiency, and waste reduction, while also evaluating post-merger financial metrics including revenue growth, cost savings, and production efficiency. Using a dataset of 2015–2025 transactions across renewable energy, sustainable manufacturing, agriculture, clean technology, and energy storage sectors, the study employs standardized environmental impact equations, financial performance models, and paired t-tests to evaluate changes over a three-year post-merger period.
The results show that green M&A firms achieve substantially greater sustainability gains compared to traditional M&A firms: a 28.6% reduction in GHG emissions, 19.3% improvement in energy efficiency, and 20.9% reduction in waste generation. Financial performance also improves significantly, with 12% revenue growth, 10.4% cost savings, and an 18.7% increase in production efficiency. These findings highlight that sustainability-driven M&A not only advances environmental responsibility but also consolidates long-term economic competitiveness.
The study concludes with recommendations for integrating environmental due diligence, ESG-driven valuation frameworks, and innovation-oriented integration strategies into future green M&A transactions. It further outlines policy implications for regulators and suggests future research directions including long-term (5–10 year) effects and cross-regional comparative studies.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Abdulqadous Abdullah, Hayder Mohammed Hassan, Salah Hassan Maleh Akla, Ghazwan Salim Naamo, Saad T.Y. Alfalahi
2025,10(11);
20 Views
Abstract
Cross-culture management, stakeholder engagement and institutions adaptation play an important role in effectiveness of the global environmental policy implementation. The article investigates the regulatory compliance rates, policy adoption efficiency, and governance structures among various regions, recognizing the constituents that foster policies adherence or pose obstacles to compliance. Using stakeholder engagement as a predictor of compliance looking at compliance metrics, engagement levels (marginally and non-marginally) and policy adoption timelines — the study found that while increased engagement did provide a positive correlation with compliance, the returns were diminishing at extreme levels. Also, a delay in the adoption of the policy has an inverse effect on adherence, whereas greater input attenuates this association. Collaborative governance models and culturally adaptable governance emerge as critical mechanisms to enhance policy success. Utilizing advanced regression analysis, predictive modeling, and comparative case studies, the research endeavors to establish empirical connections between institutional adaptability and regulatory effectiveness. Our findings highlight the importance of streamlined regulatory frameworks, targeted stakeholder engagement strategies and culturally informed governance approaches. They add to a larger story of global efforts at sustainability, no-one policy overall works, but you need to be contextual on how, who and where you implement it. Future work should build on this with longitudinal studies of compliance trends and on the integration of economic and technological variables into frameworks of environmental governance. Such an approach would allow policymakers and multinational organizations to greatly improve upon the enforcement of environmental policy by being more flexible, inclusive and region relevant.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Milagros Giuliana Huarcaya Hancco, Jennifer Yamil Pizarro Ninasivincha, Jose Calizaya-Lopez
2025,10(11);
38 Views
Abstract
Population aging in Peru poses challenges for public health and the well-being of older people, in this context, self-efficacy for aging is considered an essential psychological and social resource that influences adaptation, autonomy and quality of life in old age. The study proposed to analyze the levels of self-efficacy for aging in Peruvian older adults, identifying differences according to sociodemographic variables. The study was observational, quantitative and cross-sectional. 500 older adults (>65 years old) selected through non-probabilistic sampling participated; The Self-Efficacy Scale for Aging was used; the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests. It was found that 48.6% of the participants presented moderate self-efficacy, 34.6% low and 16.8% high; Significant differences were found according to area of residence (higher self-efficacy in rural areas), presence of chronic diseases (lower in those who do not suffer from it) and type of cohabitation (higher in those who live with the partner). It is concluded that self-efficacy for aging emerges as a protective psychological factor associated with autonomy and functional health and should be considered a strategic variable in public policies and community programs aimed at healthy aging in Peru.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by SHUYANG, FAN, FURUOKA FUMITAKA, SU TENG, LEE
2025,10(11);
35 Views
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines how environmental affordances, social support systems, and personality traits co-determine entrepreneurial work performance among Chinese expatriate entrepreneurs in cross-cultural settings, addressing theoretical gaps in understanding the synergistic relationships between environmental, social, and psychological factors in expatriate entrepreneurial success. Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was employed with 187 Chinese expatriate entrepreneurs in Semporna, Malaysia. Data collection integrated structured surveys with semi-structured interviews, utilizing structural equation modeling to examine co-determinant mechanisms, interaction effects, and mediation pathways across different cultural adaptation stages and venture types. Findings: Environmental affordances perception significantly influenced psychological well-being (β = 0.47, p < 0.001) more than financial performance (β = 0.19, p = 0.084), explaining 22.6% versus 8.4% of variance respectively. Co-determinant interactions between social support and personality traits contributed 9.7% additional variance in work performance. Highly extraverted entrepreneurs exhibited diminishing returns from extensive social support (β = -0.21, p < 0.05), while emotionally stable individuals demonstrated linear enhancement patterns (β = 0.39, p < 0.001). Personality traits influenced performance primarily through psychological adaptation pathways (31.4% of total effects). Conclusion: Environmental affordances function as fundamental catalysts in cross-cultural entrepreneurial performance through complex psychological adaptation mechanisms rather than direct economic pathways, with success emerging from sophisticated person-environment matching processes. Practical Implications: Findings inform the design of culturally sensitive entrepreneurial support programs that leverage environmental psychology principles, enabling more effective cross-cultural business development strategies for multinational organizations and policymakers.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Zehe Yin, Yuancheng Chang
2025,10(11);
10 Views
Abstract
This study explores the relationships among high school teachers’ perceptions of principals’ aesthetic leadership, teachers’ work autonomy, and teachers’ professional development in Hainan Province, China, and examines the mediating role of work autonomy. Questionnaire data were collected from 611 high school teachers and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results showed a significant positive correlation between teachers’ perceptions of principals’ aesthetic leadership and their professional development (r=.764; β =.556; p <.001). Principals’ aesthetic leadership further promoted teachers’ professional growth by enhancing their work autonomy. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit for the three-factor model (χ²/df=2.701; CFI=.960; TLI =.952; RMSEA=.053). Mediation analysis revealed a significant partial mediating effect of work autonomy in the relationship between aesthetic leadership and teachers’ professional development (indirect effect β =.273, 95% CI [0.027, 0.220]). These findings suggest that when principals enact aesthetic leadership through emotional support and creative guidance, they can effectively enhance teachers’ work autonomy, thereby strengthening teachers’ professional growth and teaching innovation. This study provides empirical evidence for educational leadership practice and highlights the value of aesthetic leadership in fostering a professional development environment characterised by autonomy and creativity.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Tingzhen Yan, Azlizamani Zubir, Farah Nadia Mohd Faudzi
2025,10(11);
17 Views
Abstract
The stigma is a very important obstacle to a psychological rescue and is an obvious excuse, which engulfs individuals in an attempt to obtain a professional help. In general, although the role of stigma is thoroughly studied, little has been done to investigate the individual difference in the nature of functioning of emotions and interpersonal relationships or even the issue of attachment styles. The paper has covered the relationship between the moderating role of the attachment anxiety to the mental health stigma and the help-seeking behaviour. The paper is regarding the impact of the internal relational schema of the people on their attitude to seek support with stigmatising attitude. The sample of 300 students of the university who had to take the standardised test of their attitudes to the mental health stigma, attitudes to the style of attachment (with the emphasis on the attachment anxiety) and attitudes to professional help was surveyed. The moderate indices of stigmatization in making a help seeking behavior was regressed through a regression analysis that involved the use of a PROCESS macro (Model 1) that revealed that the negative stigma effect on a help seeking behavior was stronger with an increase in the level of attachment anxiety. This was most paramount among the individuals that were highly attached in the aspect of anxiety. The other negative effect of stigma was noted among individuals who had greater levels of attachment anxiety and the desire to receive help was taken into account. The implications of such findings include the outstanding high attachment styles between individuals in the area of mental health stigma.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Penghao Bai
2025,10(11);
19 Views
Abstract
In the context of sustainable development, optimizing green project priority decisions through project portfolio management has become a key issue for enterprises. Based on the theory of planned behavior and social norms, this study constructed a theoretical model that combines psychological factors and social factors. It aims to explore the joint effect mechanism of environmental attitudes and social norms on green project priority decisions. The study used a questionnaire survey method to collect data from 294 business managers from industries such as manufacturing, information technology, and finance. The scales used included the New Ecological Paradigm Scale, Social Norm Scale, and Project Priority Evaluation Scale. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0 and the PROCESS plugin to examine the main and moderating effects. The results showed that environmental attitudes had a significant positive impact on the priority of green projects (β=0.39, p<0.001), and social norms played a positive moderating role in the relationship between the two (β=0.18, p<0.01). Research has shown that green project decision-making is not only driven by individual attitudes but also strengthened by external regulatory environments. However, the research samples mainly come from specific industries and regions, and the universality of the conclusions needs further verification. Practically, enterprises should focus on cultivating managers' environmental values and actively shaping and utilizing social norms to promote higher priority for green projects in resource allocation.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Shengjie Yang, Xu Lyu
2025,10(11);
71 Views
Abstract
Increased rate of urbanization has increased the importance of the green environment as a population health determinant. Even though the existing literature acknowledges such benefits as the decrease in mortality rates and improved mental well-being, the mechanisms of their mediation are poorly comprehended. This research combines the concept of social psychology and the data science modelling to examine how the access, quality and use of green-space affect the perceived health benefits and quality of life. A stratified survey (N 100) was conducted through stratified sampling to ensure demographic representativeness. The internal consistency of the constructs of the accessibility, environmental perceptions, psychological outcomes, and demographic variables were tested, and the Cronbach alpha value was above 0.80. Regression methods that were used included multiple regression, mediation analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that access and quality as independent variables were found to be weak predictors; the utilization frequency and perceived air quality as dependent variables were found to have a modest but statistically significant influence. The mediation analysis and SEM supported the stress alleviation and mood uplifting as the most significant mediating variables between the green-space exposure and the health outcomes (CFI equals 0.95, RMSEA equals 0.045). Majority of the explained variance was attributed to psychological restoration which is beyond just being proximate together. The research highlights the necessity of the need that urban planning must focus on design strategies that enhance social interaction and help in recovering the stress. Some of the weaknesses include the small sample size and limited generalizability, hence the recommendation of the inclusion of large, longitudinal datasets in future research.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Jason V. Chavez, Joseph B. Quinto, Ma. Theresa L. Eustaquio, Leizl Joy A. Alzate, Bernadette R. Gumpal, Juanito P. Tandoc, Jr., Sar-Ana M. Abdurasul, Herda B. Usman, Cynthia D. Miranda, Elena B. Panugot
2025,10(11);
83 Views
Abstract
While effective public speaking is a critical element in political campaigning, how audiences perceive speaker confidence, and how that perception is shaped by specific socio-cultural values, remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining how registered Filipino voters interpret the confidence and communication styles of political speakers, as well as identifying the specific words or messages that resonate most and influence voter perception. Using an exploratory qualitative design, the study involves one-on-one interviews with 25 registered Filipino voters from Northern Luzon, Western Visayas, and the Zamboanga Peninsula. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to uncover themes related to public perception of speaker confidence, the emotional and psychological undertones of speaker delivery, and the linguistic elements that make political messages impactful. The findings reveal that for Filipino voters, confidence is not a projection of dominance but is interpreted as a relational construct rooted in perceived authenticity, humility, and adaptability. Findings contribute to the fields of political communication, campaign strategy, and public speaking by offering insights into how culturally-specific values and perceived authenticity influence public trust, emotional connection, and electoral decision-making.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Jingjing Li, Peng-fei Chen, Honglan Yang
2025,10(11);
15 Views
Abstract
Self-learning management constitutes a fundamental prerequisite for lifelong learning. It plays a key role in fostering sustainable personal development. At the critical educational juncture of junior high school, strengthening students' capacity for self-learning management holds particular importance. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory, this study surveyed 780 junior high school students in Guangxi, China. A questionnaire approach was adopted to examine the relationship between shadow education and three dimensions of self-learning management: autonomous learning, time management, and emotion regulation. The findings indicate that shadow education exerts a significant positive effect on students' autonomous learning, time management, and emotion regulation. In other words, shadow education can enhance students' overall self-learning management competence.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Nabaa Latif, Marwan Salah Noaman, Nahla Qasim Mohammed Ismail, Hameed Salim Alkabi, Thamer Kadum Yousif Al Hilfi, Anastasiia Khlaponina
2025,10(11);
23 Views
Abstract
The increasing integration of Environmental Digital Transformation (EDT) within organizations requires a deeper understanding of how organizational culture influences digital adoption, resource efficiency, and sustainability outcomes. This study examines the role of innovation orientation, collaboration, adaptability, and continuous learning in shaping EDT success. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative survey data from 25 organizations across multiple industries with qualitative insights from managerial interviews. Statistical analyses reveal that organizations with high innovation and collaboration scores achieve faster digital integration and improved resource efficiency, while continuous learning strongly correlates with higher digital adoption rates. Conversely, risk tolerance does not significantly predict EDT success, suggesting that organizations benefit more from structured learning and strategic planning rather than risk-heavy digital adoption. These findings align with existing literature on digital sustainability and corporate digital readiness, reinforcing the importance of employee training, cross-functional collaboration, and innovation-driven leadership. Practical implications include the need for corporate decision-makers to invest in digital upskilling programs and foster interdepartmental cooperation, while policymakers should develop supportive frameworks that encourage digital transformation in sustainability-driven industries. Future research should explore industry-specific cultural influences, leadership dynamics, and longitudinal analyses of digital transformation impacts. By emphasizing the human and cultural dimensions of EDT, this study contributes to a broader understanding of how organizations can successfully navigate digital sustainability transition.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by LiLi Xu, Chun-Shuo Chen, Chaoqiao Yang
2025,10(11);
32 Views
Abstract
Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Stimulus-Organism-Response Theory, this study constructs a chain mediation model comprising "service scenario—consumer immersion—recycling intention—recycling behavior," while incorporating perceived policy effectiveness as a pivotal variable to elucidate its mechanistic role in mobile phone recycling. Using SPSS and AMOS software questionnaire data (N=483) from Shandong, China. Findings confirm a significant chain path: service scenarios enhance consumer immersion, which in turn boosts recycling intention, ultimately driving recycling behavior. However, perceived policy effectiveness did not significantly moderate the relationships between immersion and intention, or between service scenarios and intention. These results provide theoretical foundations and practical implications for optimizing recycling service scenarios and strengthening policy communication.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Nabaa Latif, Muhamad Falih Hassan Al-Kanani, Khadijah Zuweid Khalif Mukhayt, Aseel Ibraheem Muhsin, Jamal Alsaidi, Jaroslav Legeta
2025,10(11);
34 Views
Abstract
Background : Agile project management has gained increasing relevance in sustainable development due to its capacity for flexibility, iterative decision-making, and stakeholder-centered processes.
Objectives : This study examines how Agile principles enhance the performance of sustainability-oriented projects by evaluating their influence on project success, stakeholder engagement, and resource efficiency.
Methods : A mixed-methods design was applied, combining a 30-item survey administered to 150 participants with 20 semi-structured interviews to integrate quantitative outcomes with contextual insights.
Results : The findings demonstrate that Agile-driven projects achieve a 90% success rate compared to 75% in traditionally managed projects, while stakeholder satisfaction improves by 2.4 points and resource utilization increases by 20%. Regression modelling (R² = 0.68) further shows that iteration frequency and stakeholder engagement are the strongest predictors of success.
Conclusion : The study contributes new evidence on how Agile supports behavioral mechanisms—such as collaboration, trust formation, and adaptive team learning—within sustainability initiatives. These findings underline the potential of Agile as a socio-technical framework capable of strengthening project responsiveness and long-term sustainability outcomes.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Qian Li, Suhardi Maulan, Adam Aruldewan S.Muthuveeran
2025,10(11);
40 Views
Abstract
This study provides a systematic review of English-language literature on city branding in China, analyzing 56 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2014 and March 2025. It identifies three interrelated dimensions: governance structures, localization pathways, and spatial configurations, which collectively shape branding practices. Using a Governance-Localization-Space framework, the study maps thematic distributions and interdisciplinary patterns, revealing the dominance of top-down narratives, uneven spatial representation, and limited grassroots inclusion. Although branding strategies frequently emphasize co-creation and public participation, such efforts often remain symbolic and are constrained by institutional hierarchies and algorithmic mediation. Core cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen receive disproportionate policy attention and discursive prominence, while inland and mid-sized cities face structural disadvantages in visibility, capacity, and narrative agency. To account for these dynamics, the study introduces the concept of the State-Space-Ideology Complex, framing city branding as a governance mechanism influenced by centralized authority, spatial inequality, and symbolic control. It highlights persistent tensions such as performative collaboration versus institutional asymmetry and global aspirations versus local grounding. The study contributes to city branding scholarship by moving beyond market-oriented and Western-centric paradigms, offering a context-sensitive analysis of branding under state-led governance. It concludes by proposing future research directions that prioritize marginalized perspectives, everyday spatial practices, and diverse methodological approaches, laying a foundation for more inclusive and critically engaged studies in non-Western urban contexts.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Murooj Mohammad Sattar, Hussein Ajlan Hasan, Salah Hassan Maleh Akla, Mujahed Mutlaq Abdul Rahman, Jassim Mohamed Brieg
2025,10(11);
18 Views
Abstract
Consumer behavior plays a crucial role in the transition toward sustainability, yet traditional policy approaches often rely on financial incentives, which may not be the most cost-effective or scalable solution. This study examines the impact of behavioral economic interventions—specifically default options, social norms, and framing effects—on sustainable purchasing decisions. A randomized controlled experimental design was employed, assigning 500 participants to four groups, including a control group. In parallel, survey data from 1,000 consumers were analyzed to assess broader attitudes toward sustainable consumption. The experimental phase was conducted online between January–March 2024, ensuring methodological clarity regarding data collection procedures. In parallel, survey data from 1,000 consumers were analyzed to assess broader attitudes toward sustainable consumption. Results indicate that default options significantly increased sustainable purchases (78%), nearly matching the effectiveness of financial incentives (80%), without requiring direct subsidies. Social norms messaging also proved effective (74% adoption rate), reinforcing the influence of peer behavior. Framing interventions produced a moderate increase (70%), suggesting that message presentation shapes consumer decision-making. Generational patterns were also observed, with younger consumers responding more strongly to informational and norm-based cues, consistent with recent evidence on demographic variability in sustainable consumption. These results align with emerging research showing that perceived value, social identity, and anticipated emotions significantly shape sustainable purchasing decisions. However, perceived barriers such as cost concerns (65%), inconvenience (62%), and lack of information (58%) remain significant obstacles to adoption. These findings underscore the potential for non-monetary behavioral interventions to complement or replace traditional financial incentives in sustainability policy. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these interventions corresponds with recent systematic evaluations emphasizing the need for multi-component, evidence-based sustainability strategies. Future research should explore long-term habit formation and cross-cultural variations to refine behavioral strategies for maximum impact. By integrating insights from behavioral economics, policymakers and businesses can develop cost-effective, scalable interventions to promote sustainable consumer behavior.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Perlita M. Vivero
2025,10(11);
53 Views
Abstract
Academic conferences are essential venues for professional growth, collaboration, and knowledge exchange among educators. Anchored in the Interpersonal Alliance Model, this study examined how such gatherings promote productive professional relationships and meaningful engagement. Using a mixed survey approach, data were collected from 104 educators attending regional conferences in Eastern Visayas, Philippines. Results indicate that participants highly value conference purposes such as updating teaching trends, fostering research collaboration, and enhancing professional interaction. The findings also reveal that these events value environments characterized by respect, open communication, and reciprocal ethics which are key elements of the Interpersonal Alliance Model. Viewed from the educational programs management (EPM) framework, the study underscores the strategic role of academic conferences as integral components of institutional professional development programs. Incorporating interpersonal alliance principles into conference design and management can improve program coherence, strengthen collaborative culture, and enhance educators’ motivation for continuous learning. These insights emphasize that well-structured conferences, when managed within EPM lenses, contribute not only to individual professional competence but also to institutional capacity for innovation and sustainable educational improvement.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Sarah Ali Abdulkareem, Aws Hamid Mohammed, Samer Adel Abd Hussein, Nazar F. Hassan, Waleed Nassar, Ruslan Frosiniak
2025,10(11);
13 Views
Abstract
Addressing the effects of environmental disasters and their consequences, which can be solved through effective governance structures, legal frameworks, and mechanisms that indicate disaster preparedness, response, and recovery, is challenging for societies right now. The study reviews the impact of governance strategies and regulatory frameworks on response efficiency, resource allocation, legal compliance, and stakeholder engagement during environmental crises. However, existing research often examines these elements separately, leaving limited understanding of how legal, governance, and behavioral factors interact during disasters. This study aims to address that gap by evaluating their combined influence within a unified analytical framework.
The article used a structured mixed-methods approach combining quantitative statistical analysis with qualitative thematic evaluations. This approach also incorporates scenario-based simulations across five disaster types to test governance performance under controlled assumptions, allowing both qualitative and quantitative insights to be integrated consistently.
In each of the disaster simulations Response times indicated by 40% and resource allocation indicated in efficiency by 25–56%, indicating potential improvements under the simulated conditions. These values reflect modeled tendencies rather than predictions and should therefore be interpreted as indicative estimates within the boundaries of the simulation design. Additionally, high rates of legal compliance across all categories suggesting a positive association between enforcement mechanisms and compliance within the model. Future research should examine comparative governance across countries and the longer-term effects of legal frameworks on disaster risk reduction. Additional empirical work using multi-country datasets and real-time environmental indicators, such as: emerging contaminants, biological assessments, and climate-driven water-quality changes, will be essential for validating and expanding these results.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Amka, Imam Yuwono, Siiti Jaleha, Devira Putro Giana
2025,10(11);
26 Views
Abstract
This study confronts a critical research gap in the evaluation of inclusive education training, which has predominantly emphasized teachers’ cognitive gains while neglecting the psychosocial mechanisms—self-efficacy, critical reflection, and professional identity—and managerial boundary conditions, such as supportive leadership and structured collaboration, that enable sustainable transformation. Framed within an integrated management–psychosocial model, this mixed-methods investigation assesses both the effectiveness of inclusive training and the dynamic interplay between managerial practices and teachers’ psychological adaptation. Employing a one-group pretest–posttest design with 71 participants, the study utilized a 25-item instrument (Content Validity Index [CVI] = 0.91; KR-20 reliability = 0.82) scaled from 0–100. Quantitative analyses included Wilcoxon signed-rank testing, rank-biserial correlation (r_rb) with 95% confidence intervals, Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) control, and Brown–Forsythe variance homogeneity assessment. A minimally important difference (MID) of 10 points was established a priori. Complementary qualitative data were analyzed thematically and integrated via joint display matrices. The findings revealed a statistically significant increase in overall competency—from 66.31 to 82.45 (Δ = +16.14)—with 92.9% of participants surpassing the MID threshold and no observed score declines. Gains were consistent across domains (managerial Δ +14.89; adaptive strategy Δ +17.17; psychosocial Δ +16.33) and accompanied by reduced variance, indicating a convergence in teacher competence. Thematic synthesis highlighted mastery experiences, modeling, and dialogic feedback as pivotal drivers of self-efficacy and professional identity reconstruction, with optimal outcomes occurring under supportive leadership and institutionally safeguarded collaboration time. The study advances an integrative conceptualization of management as the contextual catalyst and psychology as the mediating mechanism of professional change, validated through the convergence of quantitative and qualitative evidence. Managerially, the results advocate embedding reflective practices, formalizing collaborative structures, and strengthening instructional leadership as essential levers for sustaining inclusive education.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Shue Wu, Xinwei Su
2025,10(11);
10 Views
Abstract
With the explosive growth of the digital economy, short-form videos have become a dominant marketing tool; however, existing research has insufficiently explained how and why short-form video content quality shapes consumer purchase intention through psychological mechanisms. To fill this gap, this study develops an S–O–R–based structural model to examine the influence of short-form video content quality on consumers’ purchase intentions and to test the mediating roles of emotional resonance, brand trust, and perceived value. A total of 389 valid responses were collected using an online questionnaire, and the proposed hypotheses were empirically tested through structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that content quality significantly enhances emotional resonance and brand trust, which subsequently increase perceived value and ultimately drive purchase intention. Moreover, all three mediating effects were statistically supported. This study enriches digital marketing and consumer psychology literature by uncovering the internal decision-making pathways triggered by short-form video stimuli. Practically, the findings offer actionable guidance for brands to optimize content creativity, enhance emotional interaction, strengthen trust-building strategies, and maximize value perception in short-form video marketing.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by PANELA, Teody Lester V.*
2025,10(11);
44 Views
Abstract
This study examined the measurement invariance and psychometric properties of the Teacher Empowerment Scale across gender groups in higher education. Using Rasch analysis, 86 items spanning three factors (fostering continuous improvement, teaching ownership and freedom, and work climate and conditions) were analyzed with data from 968 faculty members. Results demonstrated excellent model fit (mean infit/outfit MNSQ ≈1.00) and high reliability (α=0.90-0.93) across all factors. Differential item functioning analysis revealed minimal gender-based variations, with only 5 items in factor 1, 4 items in factor 2, and none in factor 3 showing significant differences. The scale provides fair assessment of teacher empowerment constructs for both male and female educators, supporting previous research findings. Recommendations include implementing the scale confidently while attending to items with differential functioning; refining these items to enhance gender neutrality; extending validation research to additional demographic variables; conducting longitudinal studies; and utilizing the three-factor structure for designing targeted interventions. This research addresses existing gaps regarding gender considerations in scale development, advancing equitable assessment instruments for higher education settings.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Faisal Amjad, Sarfraz Aslam
2025,10(11);
50 Views
Abstract
Job satisfaction of special education teachers is an important issue influencing teacher retention, teaching quality and student achievement, especially considering the special needs of these special teachers. This study explores the main determinants of job satisfaction in the special education teachers in Pakistan concerning intrinsic motivation, institutional support, workload management, leadership, collaboration, and demographic variables. Based on the survey conducted on 300 teachers, the research concluded that job satisfaction attached to intrinsic motivation, professional pride, and teamwork was recorded on a high scale on average. Nonetheless, the level of satisfaction was lower with regard to administration support and access to resources. Through statistical analysis it was found that there were significant differences of job satisfaction in terms of the age, teaching experience, designation, educational level, grade level teaching and income but not on gender, institution type and school location. The most important factors to improve the level of job satisfaction and retention are positive leadership, realistic workloads, sufficient resources, and collegial support. The research suggests the idea of nurturing institutional support systems and collective working culture to enhance the motivation and welfare of teachers and, in turn, benefit students with special needs in Pakistan.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Mudher Ghaeb Ali, Aziz Yousif Muttailb, Siham Kamel Mohammed Dawood, Hameed Salim Alkabi, Hamza Aljebouri
2025,10(11);
63 Views
Abstract
The escalating impacts of climate change demand leadership strategies that enhance environmental resilience and sustainability. Effective leadership in environmental management plays a critical role in addressing regulatory challenges, promoting sustainable resource use, and mitigating climate risks. This study examines five leadership models—transformational, adaptive, collaborative, technological, and policy-driven, analyzing their effectiveness in driving sustainability initiatives across key sectors, including energy, manufacturing, public governance, technology, and agriculture. These five models were selected based on their theoretical relevance to climate governance frameworks and empirical observability across sectors. A structured comparative analysis was conducted using a longitudinal research design, integrating quantitative performance metrics and qualitative stakeholder insights. The study evaluates leadership-driven sustainability frameworks, emphasizing proactive risk management, regulatory compliance, stakeholder engagement, and the integration of technological innovations. Findings indicate that technological leadership yields the highest sustainability impact, particularly in carbon neutrality, emission reduction, and renewable energy utilization. Adaptive leadership enhances flexibility in sustainability transitions, while collaborative leadership facilitates policy implementation and multi-sector partnerships. Transformational leadership demonstrates effectiveness in disaster preparedness and long-term resilience strategies. These findings underscore the importance of integrated leadership strategies that embrace both technological progress and adaptive and cooperative governance. Improving leadership capabilities in environmental management strengthens compliance with regulation, cross-sector coordination, and transformational change on sustainability. Data collected during this research can benefit policymakers, political frameworks, environmental leaders, industry experts and strategists attempting to determine the highest achievable format of leadership governing climate resilience. The article contributes an integrative model linking leadership typologies with measurable sustainability outcomes, filling a gap in comparative environmental governance studies.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Amos En Zhe Lian, Shubashini Mathialagan
2025,10(11);
59 Views
Abstract
This case study demonstrates the utility of the object-relations model in conceptualising and treating complex relational trauma, shifting the analytic perspective from an isolated individual psyche to a relational viewpoint. The paper first employs Fairbairn's structural theory of mind to understand the internal organisation of object-relations structures, specifically focusing on the splitting of the ego into traumatised and defensive aspects. It then integrates Masterson's self-triad theory as a practical clinical framework for working through these traumatic experiences. Masterson's model allows the clinician to accurately conceptualise the client’s internal state, thereby determining the dynamic treatment strategy and enabling precise modulation between supportive and expressive interventions based on the client’s position within the triad. A detailed case study of a 30-year-old Malaysian adult, who underwent five years of individual psychotherapy for severe relational trauma, is presented to illustrate the clinical efficacy and robust conceptual potential of employing this integrated object-relations model.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Omar Saad Ahmed, Doaa Saad Jasim, Zina Muin Mohammed, Rasha Abdulkhaliq Abduljabbar Al-Dargazaly, Hasan Ali Abbas
2025,10(11);
6 Views
Abstract
Background: Growing scholarship suggests that leadership gender diversity may influence corporate sustainability performance, yet systematic cross-sector evidence remains limited. This study investigates the relationship between female leadership representation and key environmental performance indicators, addressing a notable gap in empirical sustainability literature.
Objective: This study aims to examine the association between gender diversity in senior leadership and corporate environmental sustainability performance across multiple sectors.
Methods: The study analyzes a stratified sample of 50 organizations across energy, manufacturing, environmental services, technology, and logistics sectors in North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining quantitative analysis of environmental performance metrics, as: carbon emissions, energy consumption, waste diversion rates, and water-use efficiency with 10 semi-structured interviews conducted with senior executives. Quantitative methods included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression models controlling for sector, size, and region.
Results: Organizations in the highest quartile of gender diversity (46% women in leadership) showed 40.8% lower carbon emissions, 28.6% higher energy efficiency, 20% higher waste diversion, and 24.1% greater water-use efficiency compared to organizations in the lowest quartile. Regression models confirmed statistically significant associations between female leadership and composite sustainability performance (β = 0.43, p < 0.01), explaining R² = 0.61 of the variances.
Conclusion: Gender-inclusive leadership is strongly associated with improved environmental performance across multiple indicators. While the study does not claim causality, the findings indicate that gender-diverse leadership teams adopt more structured, consistent, and proactive sustainability practices. Further research is recommended to explore longitudinal effects, regulatory interactions, and the roles of mid-level managers and broader gender identities.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Xuan Quan, Pedrito A.Aton, Marissa Ejercito – Borines
2025,10(11);
140 Views
Abstract
This study investigated the relationships between computer science (CS) course effectiveness and academic performance in a Guangdong Province private school through an integrated environmental and social psychology framework, examining collaborative learning environment and technology environment perception as mediating mechanisms. A quantitative cross-sectional design surveyed several hundred Grade 4 international high school students enrolled in computer science courses at Guangdong Country Garden School during the 2024-2025 academic year. Results revealed that all five CS course effectiveness dimensions—hands-on experiences, real-world applications, collaborative learning, problem-solving abilities, and technology landscape readiness—demonstrated strong positive correlations with academic performance (r=.790-.879, p<.01), with problem-solving abilities emerging as the strongest predictor (β=.342). Mediation analysis using Hayes' PROCESS macro with bootstrapping procedures confirmed that collaborative learning environment (14.7%-23.7% mediation) and technology environment perception (14.7%-23.9% mediation) functioned as significant partial mediators, with real-world applications showing strongest social-psychological mediation and hands-on experiences exhibiting strongest environmental mediation. Hierarchical regression demonstrated that environmental and social-psychological factors contributed unique variance beyond course effectiveness dimensions (ΔR²=.043, p<.001). Findings provide empirical support for person-environment fit theories and social cognitive frameworks, highlighting the importance of optimizing both technological infrastructure and interpersonal climate for CS education effectiveness in private school contexts.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Murooj Mohammad Sattar, Hanaa Ismaei Naddf, Aeda Hadi Saleh, Huda Yousif Khattab, Talib Kalefa Hasan, Ihor Shpektorenko
2025,10(11);
41 Views
Abstract
This study empirically examines how leadership styles influence adaptability, sustainability engagement, and innovation across a multigenerational workforce using a cross-industry dataset (N = 624) collected through an online survey. We found that Integrated, Transformational, Participative, Servant, and Transactional leadership styles positively correlate with workforce adaptability, sustainability engagement, and innovation-support behaviors.
Workforce adaptability was evaluated with the Adjustment Index (AI), sustainability involvement with the Sustainability Effectiveness Index (SEI), and leadership influence on innovation with the Innovation Potential Index (IPI). Each index was derived from multi-item Likert scales and validated using reliability tests (α = .84–.91) and multigroup measurement invariance.
Inferential analyses using ANOVA and multigroup SEM demonstrate that workplaces adopting Integrated and Transformational leadership report significantly higher adaptability (p < .001), sustainability participation (p < .01), and knowledge transfer across generational cohorts. Analysis shows that Integrated and Transformational leadership models maximize workforce retention, sustainability adoption, and knowledge transfer, especially among Millennials and Generation Z. In contrast, the effects of Transactional leadership were statistically weak or non-significant (p > .05), indicating limited impact on sustainability participation and innovation outcomes. Sector-level comparisons indicate that technology and financial services exhibit the strongest sustainability compliance and innovation adoption, partially mediated by leadership practices.
This study highlights the need for generationally agile leadership frameworks for optimizing collaboration, sustainability commitment, and long-term organizational resilience. Future studies should examine AI-enabled leadership systems and cross-cultural variations to strengthen the global applicability of sustainable leadership models.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Mengyao Li
2025,10(11);
46 Views
Abstract
This study compares luxury consumption psychology in China and the United States using a triangulated approach drawing from academic literature, industry data, and policy documents. The study find that, although consumers in both countries share similar motivations for identity construction and value pursuit, they differ in areas such as relationship fluidity, regulated visibility boundaries, media accessibility, sense of presence, and verifiability. These factors shape different value rhythms and trust formation paths. Chinese consumers have shifted from overt brand signaling to preserving long-term traceable value, while American consumers maintain stable preferences through craftsmanship, heritage, and circular channels. To support the sustainable development of the Chinese market, this study proposes the following strategies: reducing trust costs through digital product passports, enhancing value realization through brand-led buyback-certification-refurbishment-resale, and strengthening systemic accountability through quantifiable extended producer responsibility. The study also identifies potential risks such as symbolic substitution, exclusivity issues, and information asymmetry to maintain a critical perspective. The goal of this research is to provide verifiable, governance-compliant guidance that promotes rational and sustainable luxury consumption during periods of economic uncertainty.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Nibras Aref Abdalameer, Sundus Serhan Ahmed, Samar Adnan Mahmoud Ali, Bushra Salman Husein, Akram Fadhel Mahdi
2025,10(11);
8 Views
Abstract
Transboundary groundwater resources remain a key yet under-regulated element of international water law. However, many regions do not yet have coherent legal instruments or institutional mechanisms for sustainable and equitable groundwater use across borders in the face of increasing demand for shared aquifer management. This research carries out the first-ever quantitative comparative legal analysis of 162 governance instruments from five global regions, utilizing a suite of newly developed indices that assess legal coverage, governance complexity, and implementation performance. Beyond legal frameworks, the study highlights the socio-psychological dimensions of governance, showing how fairness perceptions, institutional trust, and shared responsibility shape compliance and cross-border cooperation. The results reveal sharp disparities: Europe recorded the highest Weighted Regional Stratification Index (WRSI) at 28.33%, followed by Asia-Pacific at 21%, while Africa (7.34%) and North America (4.78%) lagged significantly. Legal robustness was strongest under the Rhine Groundwater Act with a Normalized Legal Coverage Index (NLCI) of 0.76 and a Sustainability Clause Ratio (SCR) of 0.21, compared to the Jordan Basin Protocol with an NLCI of 0.52 and SCR of 0.13. Governance complexity varied, with the Mekong Pact scoring the highest Multivariate Governance Complexity Index (MGCI = 1.17) but not outperforming the Rhine Act in compliance (Composite Compliance Function, CCF = 10.66). These findings demonstrate that legal clarity, institutional depth, sustainability orientation, and stakeholder trust in cooperative mechanisms are key determinants of successful implementation. By integrating legal assessment with behavioral insights, this study provides a replicable model to enhance governance regimes, emphasizing the need for harmonized, adaptive legal systems that also reflect the psychological realities of interstate cooperation.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Arnold Ferolino
2025,10(11);
35 Views
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between Academic Achievement and Career Decision of STEM-tertiary Students. It specifically addressed the following questions: 1. What is the level of academic achievement of STEM-tertiary students? 2. Is there a significant relationship between academic achievement and career decision in STEM? 3. Does type of secondary school graduated significantly influence career decision in STEM?
Eighty-six (86) STEM-tertiary students served as respondents of the study. Collection of data was done through an online survey. The study's findings showed that students who choose STEM careers generally demonstrate high academic achievement during their SHS years. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between academic achievement and career decision in STEM, ρ(84) = .716, p < .001, indicating that students with higher academic performance are more likely to make confident and well-informed decisions to pursue STEM-related careers. Lastly, the study found no significant difference in STEM career decision based on the type of secondary school attended, with a z-value of -0.95 and a p-value of 0.341, suggesting that the quality or category of school has little to no influence on students’ decisions to enter STEM fields.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Rui Liu, Guangyu Yang, Xutian Guo
2025,10(11);
44 Views
Abstract
The progression of independent traveling is a critical developmental occurrence of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), where it is easier to engage in social activities, attend school, enter employment, and perform more adult-related activities. However, obtaining such competencies can be quite problematic to this population. Travelling in social settings may be very taxing to those people who have deficiencies in communication, sensory processing, executive functioning, or have comorbid anxiety disorders. To address these barriers, various training programs that are aimed at encouraging independent travel have been established. Such interventions include school-based interventions, community-based interventions, and technology-based interventions. It was a narrative synthesis of 37 peer-reviewed studies that were published in 2010-2025 in order to determine the effects on navigational precision, reduction of travel-related anxiety, and generalizability of mobility skills across settings. Community-based interventions were found to include; familial engagement, peer modeling, structured travel coaching, technology-aided modalities incorporating virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and assistive communication devices, and school-based programmes, including life-skills training, simulated and virtual-reality travel scenarios, and instructor-led route rehearsal. Although the results are encouraging, in terms of illustrating the improvement in safety awareness, self-confidence, and adaptive functioning, a number of important gaps remain. These are the necessity of cross-cultural adjustment of instructional models, standardization of the results measures and the development of longitudinal follow-up procedures. The review emphasizes the urgency of the interdisciplinary transition planning that will align the educational, familial, and community resources. It provides educators, rehabilitation workers and policymakers with evidence-based recommendations that could help maintain travel independence in adolescents with ASD.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Yongguo Hu, Li Dai, Jie Liu, Wenjie Huang, Zonghui Wu, Yahui Li, Yongsong Yan
2025,10(11);
35 Views
Abstract
The psychological conflicts and ethical dilemmas confronting editorial collaborative decision-making in convergence publishing environments have become increasingly prominent, significantly affecting content quality and professional development. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, utilizing questionnaire surveys (N=500), in-depth interviews (N=35), and quasi-experimental designs to systematically explore the types of editorial psychological conflicts, their impact mechanisms, and ethical adaptation strategies. The findings reveal that editors in convergence publishing contexts face three categories of psychological conflicts: role conflict, power conflict, and cognitive conflict, with an average intensity of 3.89 points; 68.9% of editors simultaneously experience multiple conflicts. Psychological conflicts significantly disrupt the ethical cognitive system (β=-0.492, p<0.001) by weakening moral sensitivity (declining by 30.8%), simplifying ethical reasoning (declining by 32.2%), and reducing judgment quality (declining by 26.6%). Environmental factors such as organizational ethical climate, technical support, and social norms exert significant moderating effects (buffering efficiency 31.1%-54.8%), while individual difference variables including moral identity, professional commitment, and psychological resilience constitute important mediating pathways (mediation ratio 13.4%-61.4%). Cognitive reconstruction strategies at the individual level (such as value clarification, improving by 39.0%) and communication-coordination mechanisms at the team level (such as ethical discussion forums, with comprehensive efficacy of 23.8 points) serve as effective ethical adaptation approaches. The study constructs an integrative theoretical model of "contextual stressors-psychological conflict-ethical cognitive disruption-ethical behavioral deterioration-adaptation mechanism intervention," providing empirical evidence and practical guidance for publishing institutions to establish a three-tier "individual-team-organization" ethical support system.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Zhiyuan Zhang, Pengfei Chen
2025,10(11);
18 Views
Abstract
This study, based on empirical analysis of 656 valid questionnaires, investigates the relationship between university students' awareness of sustainable development, aesthetic experience, and career competencies in Zhejiang Province. The findings indicate that awareness of sustainable development significantly impacts both career competencies and aesthetic experience, with aesthetic experience partially mediating the relationship. Additionally, gender and educational background show significant differences in students' awareness of sustainable development, aesthetic experience, and career competencies. The study suggests that enhancing students' awareness of sustainable development and aesthetic literacy improves career competencies and positively impacts social responsibility.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Gretchen Yarra L. Erno, James Q. Grefalde, Rudyard Ryann T. Verano, Jason V. Chavez
2025,10(11);
61 Views
Abstract
This research examines bureaucratic and administrative hindrances to entrepreneurial attrition in the Philippines, with particular reference to experiences of recently founded business owners. Employing qualitative methodology, it was informed by in-depth interviews with 20 entrepreneurs across diverse industries in Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Results indicate that too much red tape, ambiguous requirements, and non-responsive government service delivery frequently hold up business operations and impose tremendous emotional and financial stress. Most interviewees indicated that they contemplated postponing or scrapping their business plans because of these barriers. A noteworthy discovery is the disproportionate experience of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs with personal contacts or insider help experienced fewer delays, which underlines systemic disparities in access to public services. Meanwhile, most entrepreneurs were subjected to inconsistent information, document resubmission, and insufficient online support. These issues validate earlier research on institutional inefficiency, with this work offering a people-oriented account from the Philippine experience. To remedy these problems, suggested solutions are process simplification, enhanced staff training, and creating inclusive, user-friendly online platforms. This research supports immediate policy and administrative changes for better efforts to create a more supportive and equitable environment for entrepreneurship. Ultimately, enabling entrepreneurs is not just critical for economic recovery and innovation but also for making progress in inclusive development in the nation.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Li Wang, Jian-Hong Ye, Congjin Miao, Jun Wang, Ling Pan, Henan Wu, Kun Zha
2025,10(11);
21 Views
Abstract
The United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development underscores the significance of high-quality education and equitable learning opportunities. As a critical component of educational practice, teachers' professional competency development profoundly influences educational quality. Grounded in Social Cognitive Theory and Career Motivation Theory, this study explores the sustainable development of Chinese vocational undergraduate faculty’s professional competencies, focusing on the interactive effects of socio-psychological factors (e.g., motivation, cognition, group dynamics) and environmental factors (e.g., organizational support, resource availability) on career development. Employing a mixed-methods approach, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 267 vocational undergraduate teachers, supplemented by in-depth interviews with 21 faculty members. The findings revealed an average professional competency score of 3.81, indicating a moderately high level, with development influenced by both organizational environmental factors (perceived resource accessibility, institutional trust) and socio-psychological factors (self-efficacy, career identity, achievement motivation, group dynamics, research engagement, and experiential learning). Recommendations include enhancing achievement motivation, fostering organizational equity, and strengthening institutional trust to promote the sustainable development of teachers' professional competencies.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Haider Abdulkareem Alobaidi, Khalis Kadhim, Ali Abdul-Jabbar Raheem, Jaafer Kadhem Jasim, Waleed Nassar, Dmytro Khlaponin
2025,10(11);
22 Views
Abstract
Corporate governance has emerged as a decisive factor in advancing sustainability, particularly as regulatory frameworks increasingly require organizations to demonstrate measurable reductions in environmental impacts. While governance has traditionally been examined through the lenses of compliance and reporting, this study emphasizes its additional role as a behavioral framework that shapes attitudes, perceptions, and identities within organizations and stakeholder networks. Using the organizational identification theory, social norms theory, and legitimacy theory, this analysis examines how the governance structures contribute to employees' sense of belonging to sustainability objectives, how regulations are internalized as behavioral norms, and how fairness and transparency lead to trust and voluntary cooperation.
To test this two-fold role, in five corporations a multidimensional approach was made to incorporate composite indices related to governance performance (GPI), compliance effectiveness (CER), sustainability outcomes (SPS), stakeholder engagement (EII), and risk adaptability (RAC). The data set consisted over 120 environmental indicators that are in terms of emissions, energy-efficiency, waste management, and water use. The results suggest that companies with a GPI score of higher than 0.80 had an average of 25 percent cutback carbon emissions, 18 percent elevated water efficiency and 22 percent utilized renewable energy than firms with a score of 0.65 and below. And the findings suggest that those firms that rank high in EII values have up to 30 percent higher levels of stakeholder satisfaction, and those that score high in RAC score ranked quicker by 40 percent in adjusting to compliance demands.
The paper has concluded that governance can reach its transformative potential provided legal accountability is complemented with psychological participation to enable corporations to translate into compliance with the legal requirements into long-term ecological conduct and to play a major role in Sustainable Development Goals.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Yuexin Xin, Aida Hanim A. Hamid, Azlin Norhaini Mansor
2025,10(11);
93 Views
Abstract
Universities are confronted with significant potential and problems as a result of the rapid digital change brought about by the arrival of the Industry 4.0 era. In this regard, university administrators' and educators' roles and competences are changing to become more innovative and prepared for the digital age. This study looks at how administrators' digital leadership affects teachers' performance in the classroom and how teachers' digital competency functions as a mediator in Inner Mongolian Chinese colleges. Through the improvement of teachers' digital competency, administrators' digital leadership significantly improves teachers' teaching performance, both directly and indirectly, according to data gathered from 386 university instructors and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with AMOS. The results highlight how enhancing teachers' digital competency through focused and ongoing professional development can boost the benefits of digital leadership and raise the calibre of instruction. The theoretical knowledge of digital leadership mechanisms in higher education is enhanced by this study, which also offers useful suggestions for developing instructors who are proficient in digital technology and innovative educational university administrators. By contextualising these findings within Inner Mongolia while connecting them to global trends in digital education, the study also extends the international relevance of digital leadership research.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Raed Hameed Salih, Ibrahim Khilel Khinger, Hussam Rasool Ubaid, Dhafer Aldabagh, Saad S. Alani
2025,10(11);
27 Views
Abstract
Corporate accountability plays an essential role in the environmental law framework as a key element of the sustainable development concept, but existing structures often lack the enforcement power that is key to ensuring compliance. On the other hand, judicial precedents and standardized ESG metrics have stepped up to the plate as contenders to increase accountability. This study investigates the impact of regulatory frameworks, ESG reporting standards, and court rulings on environmental performance, through the analysis of compliance trends in multiple jurisdictions and sectors. A mixed-methods approach consisting of quantitative analysis of 50 corporate ESG reports and environmental audits, and qualitative review of 25 legal cases. 25 companies fell below the average across various key metrics, including Corporate accountability Performance Index (CAPI) and Environmental Responsibility Adjustment Factor (ERAF). The results indicate judicial precedents increase compliance rates 23%; upholding standardized ESG framework significance, firms that connect to ERAM have higher alignment (0.95) and higher ERAF scores. Comparing across regions, stricter regulatory environments (EU, for example) were related to higher accountability scores. The study concludes that corporate environmental accountability is driven by judicial spending, standardized environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure of companies as well as solid monitoring framework. But major gaps remain, including weak enforcement mechanisms and uneven global regulatory standards. By putting such measures in place, as well as increasing penalties for failure to comply with them and looking into technology to solve the issues of inequitable enforcement, it would drive more meaningful accountability efforts and strengthen global sustainability initiatives.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Haoyuan Xiao, Yoshinori NATSUME
2025,10(11);
72 Views
Abstract
We integrate pairwise image comparisons with Semantic Segmentation to assess perceived street safety through a social-psychological lens. Drawing on classic findings about natural surveillance, signs of disorder, and risk appraisal, we pre‑specified simple directional expectations: brighter and cleaner scenes and those affording visibility should feel safer; visible rubbish and graffiti should depress safety appraisals; moderate human presence should increase perceived safety by signaling guardianship. Using 20 photos from the Shinsakae district (Nagoya, Japan), 69 participants completed 13,110 pairwise choices (all 190 combinations). A Mask2Former model, pretrained on ADE20K and fine-tuned on 263 locally annotated photos, improved mIoU from 34.15% to 66.10% and yielded area ratios for CPTED-relevant elements (lighting, greenery, people, cars, bicycles, rubbish, graffiti). We then estimated a weighted scoring function mapping these visual features to perceived-safety scores. The AI scores broadly tracked human rankings and reproduced expected social-psychological regularities: lighting/cleanliness associated positively with perceived safety, while rubbish/graffiti associated negatively; daylight and a sense of openness mattered across groups; gender, age, and nationality revealed interpretable differences in emphasis (e.g., women prioritized lighting; older adults weighted illumination more strongly; Japanese participants were more sensitive to cleanliness). We discuss how environmental cues shape quick, intuitive judgments of safety and how AI-assisted diagnostics can operationalize CPTED-informed improvements.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by SHUYANG, FAN, SU TENG, LEE, FURUOKA FUMITAKA
2025,10(11);
37 Views
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines how social environmental support and spousal support differentially influence psychological adjustment and work performance between self-initiated expatriates (SIE) and organization-initiated expatriates (OIE) among Chinese international professionals, advancing environmental psychology and social psychology through integration of self-determination theory with cross-cultural adaptation frameworks. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey design collected data from 520 Chinese expatriates across Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America, and emerging markets. Structural equation modeling examined mediation and moderation relationships, while multi-group analysis compared adaptation mechanisms between expatriate types using bootstrap procedures for robust indirect effects estimation. Findings: Psychological adjustment serves as a crucial mediating mechanism linking environmental support to work performance. SIEs demonstrate stronger utilization of social environmental support (β = 0.48 vs. 0.29) and more efficient translation of psychological adaptation into performance outcomes (β = 0.59 vs. 0.44), while OIEs show greater reliance on spousal support (β = 0.41 vs. 0.26). Mediation analysis reveals partial mediation for social environmental support (58% indirect effect) and complete mediation for spousal support (61% indirect effect). Conclusion: The study validates differential person-environment interaction mechanisms between expatriate types, demonstrating that adaptation strategies vary according to motivational orientations and resource configurations underlying international mobility decisions. Practical Implications: Organizations should develop differentiated expatriate management strategies that enhance social environmental resource access for SIEs while strengthening family support systems for OIEs, recognizing the heterogeneous nature of international assignment experiences and the necessity for tailored intervention programs.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Hongyan Li, Norazlina Zakaria, Azlizamani Zubir
2025,10(11);
21 Views
Abstract
This qualitative study examines how domestic violence affects women’s mental health and social support systems in Malaysia, and evaluates the effectiveness of group counseling as a recovery intervention. Based on 20 in-depth interviews and three NGO-led counseling groups, the findings show that survivors experience multidimensional psychological distress—including anxiety, depression, PTSD, and self-blame—exacerbated by cultural pressure and limited institutional accessibility. Family support was often absent, with survivors relying instead on friends, neighbors, religious groups, and NGOs, although access to support varied across urban–rural and ethnic contexts. Group counseling demonstrated significant positive effects by enabling emotional release, shared experiences, mutual support, and empowerment, thereby helping women rebuild confidence and social functioning. The study highlights the need to strengthen cross-sector collaboration between government agencies and NGOs, improve multilingual and culturally sensitive services, and institutionalize group counseling as part of national social-support mechanisms. These findings contribute to localized intervention research by revealing how culture, religion, and social networks shape women’s recovery trajectories in Malaysia.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Yandi Zhang, Boon Seng Tan, Huichao Liu, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail
2025,10(11);
187 Views
Abstract
Objective : To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Medication Understanding and Use Self-Efficacy (MUSE) Scale for Chinese elderly hypertensive patients (MUSE-CH), providing a psychometrically sound instrument to assess medication self-efficacy in the context of community pharmacist-led interventions. Methods: A two-phase mixed-methods approach was employed. Phase A involved establishing MUSE-CH through standardized forward-backward translation procedures. Five experts conducted content validity assessment, while reliability and construct validity were examined using Cronbach's α coefficients and Rasch modeling. Results: MUSE-CH demonstrated robust psychometric properties with S-CVI/Ave of 0.975 and total scale Cronbach's α of 0.847. Medication adherence behavior and medication learning dimensions showed α coefficients of 0.825 and 0.798, respectively. Conclusions: The MUSE-CH scale exhibits satisfactory reliability and validity for assessing medication self-efficacy in Chinese elderly hypertensive populations.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Junjie Chen, Nurul Ain Mohd Hasan, Syafila Kamarudin
2025,10(11);
26 Views
Abstract
This thematic review investigates the pathways through which Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility (PCSR) influences critical employee outcomes, specifically commitment and resilience, by focusing on the mediating role of Psychological Capital (PsyCap). We conducted a systematic analysis of 20 empirical studies published between 2020 and 2024, focusing on emerging economies and labor-intensive sectors. The synthesis reveals four dominant themes: (1) CSR's crucial function during crises as an adaptive mechanism for employee resilience; (2) enhanced employee commitment derived from industry-specific and context-aware CSR practices; (3) the mediating power of psychological and emotional mechanisms (such as trust and empowerment) that connect CSR to positive attitudes; and (4) PsyCap's pivotal role in translating CSR perceptions into sustained commitment and proactive behavior. Our findings confirm that employee-focused CSR (e.g., welfare, safety) effectively boosts the core PsyCap dimensions (hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy). This cultivated PsyCap, in turn, strengthens affective commitment and supports organizational performance. The discussion positions CSR-driven PsyCap development as both an essential recovery resource during uncertainty and a proactive driver of engagement. Theoretically, this study integrates strategic psychological mechanisms into the CSR-employee outcomes framework. It also provides actionable insights for managers in emerging economies who seek to design PsyCap-centered CSR strategies capable of fostering workforce resilience and organizational sustainability.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Zheyun Zheng
2025,10(11);
23 Views
Abstract
The objective of the current research is to analyze the effect of psychological need satisfaction on intrinsic motivation and cognitive engagement in terms of higher education and through the theoretical idea of Self-Determination Theory (SDT). The study will seek to address a gap in knowledge that is a critical one as far as the determination of how the perceptions of students towards autonomy, competence, and relatedness can not only lead to their motivation but also that of cognitive investment with regard to learning to which they invest. The research will be conducted in mixed format, with quantitative data analysis method of the structured surveys completed by 200 university students, and quantitative data analysis of 30 semi-structured interviews (so that no more than one hour is spent on each interview). It is thanks to this two-fold strategy that both measurable trends and lived lives can be approached as a whole. The results indicate mediating impact of the intrinsic motivation between the fulfillment of the psychological needs, and cognitive engagement, and therefore the significance of internalized drive in development of meaningful learning behaviors. The best indicator of engagement was competence, as compared to other two psychological needs that imply that students who perceive themselves as capable and skilled will be more likely to put more cognitive efforts in their study work. In addition to that, the findings indicate the importance of the autonomy-supportive environment and the favorable relations with the peers and instructors which, when united, contribute to the promotion of the motivation and persistence of the students in the academic life. Theoretically, the current study is an extension of SDT since it proposes the elements of Expectancy-Value theory and the Achievement Goal Theory since it offers a more holistic motivational concept. It also takes to account cultural dimension which identifies the perception of autonomy and relatedness of students therefore providing a more comprehensive and context sensitive interpretation of the motivational mystery in learning institutions.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Samrena Jabeen, Habil Slade, Mohammed Alkashami, Mahmood Akbar, Abdur Rehman Riaz
2025,10(11);
28 Views
Abstract
Objective: Organizations increasingly struggle to leverage the synergistic potential of big data analytics and AI-powered chatbots for customer engagement, despite growing adoption of these technologies independently. This systematic review investigates how the integration of big data analytics and AI-driven chatbots revolutionizes customer engagement strategies and identifies the mechanisms through which their combined application creates superior engagement outcomes compared to individual technology implementations.
Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review of peer-reviewed literature from Scopus database spanning 2014-2023. Using structured Boolean search strategies combining "big data analytics," "AI-powered chatbots," and "customer engagement" terms, we identified 290 initial articles. After rigorous screening by three independent reviewers applying predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria, 106 studies were selected for analysis. Data extraction and thematic analysis were performed using R Studio and bibliometric techniques to identify synergy mechanisms and engagement outcomes.
Results: The analysis reveals three primary synergy mechanisms: data-driven personalization (where big data insights enhance chatbot customization), conversational analytics (chatbot interactions refine analytical models), and predictive engagement (combined forecasting enables proactive customer service). Organizations implementing integrated approaches achieved 40-60% greater customer engagement improvements compared to single-technology implementations. Social networking platforms emerged as critical enablers, facilitating real-time sentiment analysis, behavioral prediction, and automated response generation. The research identified significant growth in academic attention, with publication rates increasing 39.5% annually and artificial intelligence being the most referenced concept across 29 studies.
Conclusion: This review establishes the first comprehensive framework for understanding big data analytics and AI chatbot synergy in customer engagement contexts. The findings contribute theoretically by extending customer engagement theory through technology integration concepts and practically by providing evidence-based implementation strategies for organizations. The identified synergy mechanisms offer actionable insights for businesses seeking competitive advantage through technological convergence, while highlighting critical areas for future empirical validation and cross-industry research.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Mueen Abid, Zaqia Bano, Muhammad Kamran, Maryam Riaz, Sarfraz Aslam
2025,10(11);
75 Views
Abstract
The primary objective was to develop a psychometrically sound instrument that accurately reflects the parenting behaviours of fathers in Pakistan, focusing specifically on their interactions with adolescent children. Employing a mixed-methods approach, an initial pool of 107 items was generated based on Skinner, Johnson, and Snyder's motivational model of parenting [13] , existing literature on parenting, and insights from six focus group discussions with fathers of adolescents. After a pilot study, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with 300 fathers, resulting in a final 23-item scale. The model fit indices indicated strong validity. The psychometric evaluation confirmed that the newly developed 23-item scale is valid and reliable for assessing fathers' parenting patterns in Pakistan and similar cultural contexts. This tool contributes significantly to understanding paternal influences on adolescent development, facilitating further research and practical applications in parenting interventions.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Saad Mahdi, Hussein Ali Abbas, Nahla Qasim Mohammed Ismail, Abdulrazzaq Tuama Hawas, Matai Nagi Saeed
2025,10(11);
26 Views
Abstract
Sustainable investment represents a major approach through which environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles are integrated into financial decision-making. This study aims to examine how specific green practices—carbon reduction, waste minimization, and energy efficiency shape financial outcomes and investor behavior. The study investigates the correlation of ESG practices with corporate financial performance, specifically looking at primary metrics such as return on assets (ROA), stock volatility, cost efficiency, and valuation premiums. The study analyzes the association between ESG performance and financial outcomes based on sector-specific analysis using a panel regression model and subgroup comparison of those classified as high, moderate, and low ESG performers.
The findings indicate that firms with stronger ESG commitments exhibit higher profitability, lower financial risk, and higher confidence from shareholders. Energy efficiency improvements significantly reduce stock price volatility, thereby reinforcing the stability of sustainable firms. Additionally, waste-reduction strategies decrease operational costs, proving that sustainability initiatives improve operational efficiency. The research also shows that ESG transparency is a key factor in driving valuation premiums, with investors showing a preference for companies able to offer research-based and verifiable sustainability information. Sectoral differences are also evident, with companies in renewable energy and manufacturing gaining the most positive impact, according to the study.
The behavioral analysis reveals that institutional investors strongly value ESG transparency as a risk-mitigation tool, while retail investors balance sustainability concerns with short-term return expectations. The results confirm that sustainability practices function as measurable financial instruments rather than solely ethical commitments, strengthening long-term firm value and investor confidence.
Practically, the study suggests that robust ESG reporting enhances capital allocation efficiency and increases firms’ attractiveness to long-term, risk-averse investors. These findings demonstrate that sustainability strategies function not only as ethical choices but also as measurable financial instruments shaping investor behavior. The article addresses a critical gap highlighted in recent sustainability scholarship, which emphasizes the insufficient integration of investor psychology and ESG information processing in empirical models of investment decision-making.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Tingting Tong, Juliet Demalen
2025,10(11);
46 Views
Abstract
To explore the implications of fitness APP data-driven teaching for physical education curriculum reform, this study constructed a theoretical model of "three-dimensional environment—environmental perception—psychological mediators—behavioral outcomes" based on environmental behavior theory. Employing a quasi-experimental design, a one-year longitudinal study was conducted with 600 university students. The findings reveal that: (1) The information environment constructed by fitness APPs, together with the physical and social environments, constitutes a three-dimensional support system influencing students' exercise behavior, with the path coefficient from information environment to environmental perception reaching 0.467 (p<0.001), confirming the independent dimensional value of digital technology in the physical education ecosystem; (2) Data-driven teaching significantly promotes the linkage between in-class and extracurricular exercise, with the experimental group demonstrating a 126.2% increase in extracurricular exercise frequency and weekly exercise duration extending to 163.7 minutes—153.8% higher than the control group. APP usage rate remained at 63.4% during summer vacation, validating the long-term mechanism of behavioral transfer and consolidation; (3) Self-efficacy and social support play critical mediating roles between environment and behavior, with mediating effects accounting for 73.6% of the total effect, revealing the complete action chain of "environmental reconstruction → cognitive transformation → behavioral change"; (4) Goal orientation, social support, and environmental quality exert significant moderating effects on linkage effectiveness, with high task-oriented students showing substantially stronger linkage intensity (r=0.687) compared to ego-oriented students (r=0.423); (5) Structural equation modeling fit indices comprehensively met excellent standards (CFI=0.968, RMSEA=0.042), providing empirical support for the theoretical model. The study proposes that in-class and extracurricular linkage should adhere to three design principles: environmental continuity, support diversity, and feedback immediacy, while constructing a "school-community-family" physical space network, an "in-class—extracurricular—online" social support network, and a unified data feedback system. Meanwhile, vigilance is required regarding risks such as the digital divide and over-quantification. This research provides theoretical foundations and practical pathways for the paradigm shift in physical education curriculum reform from skill-based instruction toward health behavior habit cultivation.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Omar Abbas, Mohammed Muneer Abdul-Jabbar, Taghreed Alaa Mohammed Ali Hassan, Dhafer Aldabagh, Hasan Ali Abbas
2025,10(11);
20 Views
Abstract
Environmental non-profit organizations (ENPOs) are essential for tackling global sustainability issues, the performance measurement of ENPOs is inconsistent as there are no established evaluation frameworks. Unconventionally, this study develops a holistic performance assessment framework by combining environmental, operational, inclusive, and financial sustainability dimensions into a single overarching model, so that this approach can be adapted on a more universal benchmarking basis. The study is based on a comparison and ranking of organizations according to their efficiency and effectiveness by means of multi-criteria decision analysis and statistical validation, based on data from 50 prominent ENPOs. The discovery shows that while organizations that use their resources efficiently are more likely to have positive impacts on the environment, robust stakeholder engagement practices do not necessarily result in financial sustainability. [The study also identifies administrative efficiency as a decisive factor in cost-effectiveness in emissions and conservation projects.] In addition, when performance is standardized, this enables comparability between different organizations, promoting transparency and accountability in the not-for-profit field. While the study provides valuable insights, it also points out certain restrictions, such as limited data availability, a lack of transparency in reporting, and the absence of small-scale grassroots initiatives. Further research could investigate how performance tracking and predictive analytics driven by AI can lead to improve near-field assessment models and explore how funding structures of non-profits can impact long-term sustainability. Implementing frameworks like project categorization, programmatic planning and work planning, guided by digital monitoring tools, would further develop their deliverables and capabilities, and go a long way in building their contributions in a broader global context of conservation.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Zixuan Li, Tazul Izan Tajuddin
2025,10(11);
41 Views
Abstract
This study investigates how natural soundscapes of the Qilian Mountain grasslands shape Yugur folk song singing styles and foster place attachment among ethnic communities in western China. Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted acoustic measurements of 42 traditional songs, analyzed vocal resonance patterns through spectral analysis, and administered place attachment scales (M=4.23, SD=0.67) to 126 Yugur singers across four communities in Sunan County. Semi-structured interviews with 18 tradition bearers explored environmental influences on vocal techniques. Results revealed that singers in open grassland areas demonstrated significantly higher chest resonance frequencies (mean 3,350 Hz, SD=186 Hz) compared to valley dwellers (mean 3,050 Hz, SD=210 Hz), with vocal projection distances averaging 1.2 kilometers in pastoral settings. Place attachment scores positively correlated with the use of traditional elongated vowels and auxiliary syllables (r=0.68, p<0.01), suggesting these vocal adaptations strengthen emotional connections to landscape. Eastern Yugur singers exhibited 32% longer breath phrases than Western groups, reflecting adaptation to expansive terrain requiring far-carrying voices. The preservation of environment-specific vocal techniques emerges as crucial for maintaining cultural identity and psychological wellbeing. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating natural acoustic environments in cultural heritage conservation strategies and suggest that traditional singing practices function as mechanisms for environmental bonding and community resilience.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Ali Adel, Nidhal Jasm Mohammed Ali, Wissam Anwar Mohammed Hassan Ali, Huda Yousif Khattab, Faris Abdul Kareem Khazal
2025,10(11);
56 Views
Abstract
The rising intricacy and volume of climate data are major challenges within climate modelling, forecasting, and policy implementation. Conventional statistical methods can lag behind in identifying nonlinear relationships, seasonal variations, and long-term climate patterns. The analysis of big climate data utility can greatly be increased through AI-enabled analytics behind it, where this work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various deep learning models in climate data application. A hybrid CNN-RNN model to simultaneously examine spatial and temporal climate data was created, with better performance than traditional prediction models and the ability to decrease both prediction errors and uncertainty. Its high-resolution predictions covered multiple sources of data, including satellite imagery, weather stations and historical climate data. The model validation metrics confirmed test-retest reliability was high with the Hybrid CNN-RNN performing the lowest R² and highest RMSE amongst the models tested. AI-Rank-Recognizance: The models demonstrated a possibility of using AI-analytic technologies to improve climate prognosis, analyze relationships between data units of the climate, and formulate adaptive legislative measures. With its progress, the fields of model interpretability, computational efficiency, and real-time deployment still face challenges. Future work around explainable AI, real-time climate tracking, and the incorporation of socioeconomic factors will help to take SDG projections to the next level. Utilizing AI for climate analysis, this research provides insights that may support sustainability planning and inform evidence-based discussions around climate-related policies.
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Open AccessResearch Articles
by Marti W. Gregorio, Jason V. Chavez
2025,10(11);
42 Views
Abstract
This study explored the initiatives of top-ranked Philippine universities and their confidence in the effectiveness of these initiatives across four domains—course attributes, infrastructure, faculty profile, and research profile—as dimensions of institutional branding. Addressing the gap in literature that often separates branding from quality assurance, the study examined how confidence reflects authentic implementation and institutional integrity. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, the research analyzed institutional reports, related literature, and thematic evidence from universities ranked in leading Asian listings. Findings revealed that universities demonstrate confidence through coherent and mission-driven practices: industry-aligned curricula that enhance employability and credibility; modernization and transparent governance that build trust and efficiency; comprehensive and participatory faculty development that ensures academic excellence; and policy-driven, nationally aligned research systems that promote innovation and social impact. Overall, the study concludes that institutional confidence emerges not from symbolic recognition but from genuine, data-informed practices embedded in organizational culture. Such confidence transforms branding into a lived expression of quality, accountability, and relevance in Philippine higher education.
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Open AccessReview Articles
by Shumin Dao, Mohd Mahzan Awang, Jamsari Alias
2025,10(11);
24 Views
Abstract
The identity of the Chinese diaspora in Laos is undergoing significant transformation, driven by the deepening of China-ASEAN relations and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). While the geopolitical context is well-documented, existing sociological literature remains fragmented, often treating social ties and education as separate descriptive domains rather than interacting factors. This systematic review addresses this gap by synthesizing empirical studies published between 2004 and 2025 to construct an integrative framework of identity formation. Following PRISMA guidelines, the study analyzes 38 peer-reviewed publications. The synthesis reveals two core dynamics: (1) Social networks are shifting from traditional "bonding" structures (kinship/hometown) toward "bridging" networks (transnational business/digital), acting as filtering mechanisms for opportunity. (2) Educational capital serves as an empowering tool, accumulated through either Chinese-language cultural socialization or mainstream/international schooling for socio-economic mobility. The study argues that these factors are not independent; rather, social networks shape educational aspirations, while educational capital empowers individuals to reconfigure their networks. This synergistic interplay produces a spectrum of identity practices, ranging from the "Cultural Chinese" to the "Sino-Lao Hybrid" and "Transnational Elite." These findings offer a nuanced, mechanism-based model for understanding how diaspora identities are negotiated in the Global South.
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